Skip to content

Search …

Home
- Practitioners
- Clients
Our Products
Resources
About Us
Store
My Account
Login/SignUp

Search …

Home
- Practitioners
- Clients
Our Products
Resources
About Us
Store
My Account
Login/SignUp

BrainMaster Knowledge Base

News

Z-Score Validation Talk – Collura, SAN 2011, Thessalonika, Greece
Z-PLUS LZT Live Z-Score Training Software Revised with Z-Bars and Z-Maps Display
Z-PLUS Documentation and Design by Neils Schnepel
Z Score White Paper
Workshop demonstration of 4-channel live z-score training
Where can I find training?
Vielight / MicroTesla / Photic Stimulation with Atlantis & Echo
Transient Response of Amplifiers & Infra-Low Frequencies
Towards a Coherent View of Brain Connectivity – Journal of Neurotherapy Final PDF Online
Technical Foundations of Neurofeedback
Sufi self-piercing with live sLORETA Z-Score image
Stanford Symposium – Music, Rhythm, and the Brain
sLORETA Imaging of Depression Indicators in Real Time
Seeing inside the client’s mind
Sample QEEG comparison data from forthcoming talk
Respirometer on Atlantis for Respiratory Effort Sensing
Remote Training Video Links and documentation
Pulse Oximeter and HRV Application Information
Published Work – Links to Collura et. al. Z-Score book chapters and articles
Prayers for Ryan Reitmeyer
Photic Stimulation Articles
Photic Output using Atlantis built-in stim with Event Wizard, Session Wizard, and EEG control
Peripheral Settings Files – Dr. Ron Swatzyna
New York University EEG Live Z-Score Database
New York University EEG Database References
New online help
Neurophysics and other topics
Neils Schnepel BrainAvatar Live Loreta Training Results
Myers and Young article – Journal of Counseling and Development
Music and the Brain
Multivariate Proportional (MVP) Targeting – what is it and how is BrainMaster different?
Multimodality Ron Swatzyna designs – HRV, respiration, etc.
Movement-Related Potentials Research
MicroTesla validation using sLORETA
MicroTesla low-intensity rTMS Subthreshold Magnetic Feedback Stimulator
Live sLORETA Videos
Links on Neuroanatomy, Human Connectome Project, Brain Atlas, Brodmann Atlas
Latest Developments – summary for April 2008
Kyusho Energy Demonstration with surface Z-Scores and sLORETA EEG Imaging
ISNR Issues Practice Guidelines for Neurofeedback
ISNR and Training Workshop Power Points and Handouts
ISNR 2010 Power Points NEW MSBMB Talk Added
Instructions for Joining the BrainMaster List Server
Infra-Slow Fluctuations (ISF) sLORETA Imaging
Infra-Slow Fluctuations (ISF) correlations with EEG frequency bands using sLORETA
IEEE Standard for Neurofeedback
German Language Atlantis Code 3.7 – Updated to latest 3.7i
Frederic Chiu – Beechwood Arts Vibrations Links
Flash Games – new titles online now for 2010
Fehmi / Collura paper on Monopolar and Bipolar Training – Journal of Neurotherapy 2007
Entropy, Directed Coherence, and related documentation
E-NeuroMarketing Application with BrainAvatar
Doerte Klein Teleneurofeedback Talk (new working link) – Society for Applied Neuroscience Seville May 7 2008
Discovery Training Information
Discovery Evoked Potentials using EEGLab
Discovery 24E specs
Discovery 24E Channel EEG / DC amplifier
Demonstration of the correlation between FFT and JTFA for short- and long-term statistics
DC and Slow Cortical Potential Research Links
DC and Slow Cortical Potential Information including Protocol Designs and Research Links
Corvette Stingray 2014 collaborates with BrainMaster BrainAvatar
ConnectivityUpdate Power Point Presentation for Third Brain Connectivity Training Conference – Newburgh, NY
Comparison of BrainDX and ANI surface maps
Case study from Drs. Stark and Lambos
Case Studies on z-score training compiled
Can I contribute to the knowledge base?
BReview update with zoom and filtering modes and live z-scores summary April 29, 2008 updated with Events July 22, 2008
BrainTrack Real-Time Real-World Control and Gaming Interface
BrainTrack on BBC
BrainMaster US FDA Registration Information
BrainMaster Live Z-Scores using reference databases
BrainAvatar 4.0 Release Version and Notes
Biofeedback Foundation of Europe 2009 BrainMaster Talk and Training
Articles on brain activity, fear, love
Ariz. company helping athletes improve mental game
Aristotle Talk and Video
Are there online videos for training and troubleshooting?
Announcement for Mexican Bio/Neurofeedback Society.
Americanization of Mental Illness by Ethan Waters The NY Times
Affiliate Membership information
19-channel MINI-Q with NeuroGuide 2.4.4 Analysis

Z-Score Training

ZBuilder Quality of Fit
Z-Wert Training Kalkulationstabelle
Z-scores and Golf
Z-Score Training Sheet
Z-Score Setup Settings File
Z-Score Installation Instructions
Z-Score Case Studies Dr Joseph Guan
Z-PLUS LZT Live Z-Score Training Software Revised with Z-Bars and Z-Maps Display
Z-PLUS Documentation and Design by Neils Schnepel
Z-FOCUS: PERCENT ZOK ENHANCE
Z-FOCUS enhanced Z-Plus design by Hai Pham Dinh
Z-Builder Documentation and Settings Files
Z Score White Paper
Z Score Training with BrainMaster 2.5SE
Z score training combined with amplitude training – how it works
Z Score Training
Z Score Targeting Strategies for EEG Biofeedback Using Normative Databases
Z Score PercentZOKUL with Four Channel Inhibit
Z Score Installation
Z Score Comparison of Mitsar / WinEEG / EDF File / NeuroGuide with Discovery / BrainMaster SW / EDF File / NeuroGuide
Z Score Case Study
Z Score Brochure
Z Score All to Target Except Absolute Power – Separate Upper and Lower limits
Z Plus Niels
Will z score training replace the clinician?
What is the most important thing about live Z Score training?
Validation of a Global Live Z-Score Protocol
Towards a Coherent View of Brain Connectivity – Journal of Neurotherapy Final PDF Online
Targeting Strategies for EEG Biofeedback Using Normative Databases Thomas Collura Ph.D
Sufi self-piercing with live sLORETA Z-Score image
Static versus Dynamic Z-Scores
Specifying and Developing References for Live Z-Score Neurofeedback
Sample QEEG comparison data from forthcoming talk
Procedure to enable 19channel DLL for Live ZScore Training
New York University EEG Live Z-Score Database
New York University EEG Database References
New Directions in Live Z-Score Neurofeedback
Neurofeedback for Insomnia A New Look at an Old Workhorse: A Pilot Study of Z-Score Sensorimotor & Individualized Neurofeedback
Neurofeedback for Insomnia A New Look at an Old Workhorse: A Pilot Study of Z-Score Sensorimotor & Individualized Neurofeedback
Multivariate Proportional (MVP) Targeting – what is it and how is BrainMaster different?
Mark Smith’s Z Score Basic Training Workshop–Protocol Designs
LORETA/sLORETA comparison using 3 different methods
Live Z-Scores – how to review?
Live Z-Score with Ultra Low Frequency 2 or 4 channel
Joseph Guan Z-Score Training Data Sheet
How well do live Z Scores match the NeuroGuide Z Scores?
Foundations of Neuronal Dynamics and Z Scores Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D BrainMaster Technologies, Inc.
Foundations of Neuronal Dynamicsand Z Scores Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D
Example NeuroGuide Analysis of 19channel Atlantis MINIQ
Doerte Klein Z Score Training Planning Sheet
Demonstration of the correlation between FFT and JTFA for short- and long-term statistics
Comparison of QEEG-Pro and NeuroGuide map summaries
Comparison of Deymed and Discovery EC
Comparison of BrainDX and ANI surface maps
BrainMaster Live Z-Scores using reference databases
BrainAvatar comparison with surface maps
ANI Z-Score DLL for BrainMaster Software Activating for the BrainMaster 3.0 or Discovery Software
Amplitude or Power Training – Case Study
A FATHER FINDS A SOLUTION: Z-Score RE TRAINING Mark Smith, LCSW

Product Information

What’s new in 2.5 and 2.5SE
What versions of the software run on what operating system?
What peripheral modalities are available?
Vielight / MicroTesla / Photic Stimulation with Atlantis & Echo
The Atlantis Visual/Auditory/Tactile (V/A/T) Immersion System
Technical Information About the BrainMaster Unit
Software updates – how do I get them?
Research using BrainMaster
Recognized Consensus Standards FDA
Product Classification FDA
Passkey enabling information – what is enabled?
Pass Key License information
Moving Studies File to be Used as Settings File
Minimum PC Requirements BrainMaster 3.0 Software or Discovery 1.0 Software with up to 4-Channel LZT*
MINI-Q information
Latest Developments – summary for April 2008
Is there a list server for technical support?
InnerTube or Particle Editor with my BrainMaster – how to install?
How do I use my replacement/duplicate passkey?
Guide to Coherence Training with the BrainMaster
Fractal Animations for BrainMaster NFViewer.pdf
Event Wizard information
Event Wizard for BrainMaster – Preliminary 11/17/05
Entropy, Directed Coherence, and related documentation
Electrode Locations & Switch Positions for MINI-Q (with Leadwire Color Codes)
Electrode Locations & Switch Positions for MINI-Q (with Leadwire Color Codes)
Electro-Cap DB-25 Pin Assignments includes OZ and FPZ
Discovery erhält „stats data“ aus dem Trainings-Modus
Description of Optional AVI Animations Package
Data Dictionary for BrainMaster 2.5SE and 3.0 with Event Wizard and Math Wizard Equation Processor
Data Dictionary for BrainMaster 2.5SE and 3.0 with Event Wizard and Math Wizard Equation Processor
ColorQuest for the Brainmaster
Can I have more than 1 passkey for a BrainMaster?
BrainTrack Real-Time Real-World Control and Gaming Interface
BrainTrack
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Popup Display Windows for Master.exe
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Display Screens for Master.exe
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Popup Display Windows for Master.exe
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Display Screens for Master.exe
BrainMaster Setup ~ Mini-Q & Full Q Set-Up and Mapping Instructions
BrainMaster Setup ~ Mini-Q & Full Q Set-Up and Mapping Instructions
BrainMaster Neurofeedback Software Comparison Chart
BrainMaster FlexCap 10-20 System
Brainman2 for the BrainMaster
Brainman 2
BrainAvatar 4.0 Release Version and Notes
Brain Cats 3D
Brain Cats 2
BlimpRace
Atlantis Spec Sheet
Atlantis information
Atlantis Brochure 2006
ATLANTIS and 2EB HARDWARE and USB INSTALLATION

Discovery 24 EEG

Z-Score Insomnia Study – Barbara Hammer
Z-FOCUS enhanced Z-Plus design by Hai Pham Dinh
TOVA interface to Atlantis/Discovery
Software Comparison Chart
sLORETA z-scores of gamma
sLORETA MRI Concordance using BrainAvatar
sLORETA Imaging – Society for Applied Neuroscience
Relationship between QEEG and BrainAvatar
QEEG Map Comparison Tests
Private Institutional Review Board
Pain Blocking Hubs and circuits in Sufi Piercing
NeuroGuide EDF File Import Guidelines
Neils Schnepel BrainAvatar Live Loreta Training Results
MINI-Q II with Live Z-scores protocol design
MINI-LLP video
MicroTesla Frequency Sets I – EEG Frequencies and Reference Links
LORETA sLORETA comparison
Live Z-Score Training – Typical Single-Session Changes
Live Z-Score Linearity
iPad / iPod / SmartPhone / Tablet Interface
Installation and Use for 19-channel Live Z-Score Training using Discovery
Installation and Use for 19-channel Live Z-Score Training using Discovery
I just did the Discovery Firmware Upgrade, and now I cannot log into NeuroGuide. What Do I Do?
Example of BDX live z-score session
Ensuring high-quality EEG recordings Search
Ensuring high-quality EEG recordings
EMG Protocols
Discussion of Live z-score DLL’s
Discovery Training Information
Discovery Firmware Field Upgrade Process
Discovery Evoked Potentials using EEGLab
Discovery erhält „stats data“ aus dem Trainings-Modus
Discovery and Mindset Comparison
Discovery 24E specs
Discovery 24E Sensor and Offset Information
Discovery 24E Mindset Simultaneous Map Comparisons
Discovery 24E Evoked Potentials
Discovery 24E EEG NeuroGuide Screen
Discovery 24E EEG Loreta Low-Resolution EEG Tomography
Discovery 24E comparison tests
Discovery 24E Channel EEG / DC amplifier
Discovery 24E Cadwell Comparison
Discovery 2-channel (T3-T4) Connections
Discovery 1.5.6 ILF Software 0.001 Hz Response
Comparison of BRAINMASTER DISCOVERY Amplifier to NeuroPulse NPQ Amplifier
Cancun Talk – Collura BrainMaster
BrainMaster FlashPlayer Update
BrainAvatar sLORETA Regions of Interest (ROI’s)
BrainAvatar Settings Files Set 1
BrainAvatar Questions and Answers
Arns et al QEEG and ADHD
Alpha harmonics in QEEG
10-10 system chart

Installation and Configuration

Z-Score Installation Instructions
Z-Builder Documentation and Settings Files
Z Score Installation
Volume Controls for Windows
Vielight / MicroTesla / Photic Stimulation with Atlantis & Echo
Uses of the Event Wizard
Sweet Spot Suite?
Step-by-step instructions for installing BrainMaster 2.5SE software (includes USB drivers for the 2EB (“Baby”) module, or the Atlantis modules)
Somatic Vision games – basic instructions
Software/Hardware Installation Instruction Manuals – UPDATED For latest installers online
Software and Hardware Installation Manual
Setup and Control Program
Settings Files Online Resource
Session Librarian – BMZ Information
Respirometer on Atlantis for Respiratory Effort Sensing
Remote Training Setup Instructions
Pulse Oximeter and HRV Application Information
Protocol design procedure
Peripheral settings files
Pass Key License information
New Documentation for BrainMaster Software – Installers
Moving Studies File to be Used as Settings File
Minimum requirements for running InnerTube and Particle Editor with BrainMaster?
Minimum PC Requirements BrainMaster 3.0 Software or Discovery 1.0 Software with up to 4-Channel LZT*
Minimum PC Computer Requirements Atlantis I/II, 2EB, Discovery with BMrMMP** and up to 4 Channel LZT*
Interactor Cushion Software Manual
How can I choose different component sounds?
HIPAA compliance considerations
German Language Atlantis Code 3.7 – Updated to latest 3.7i
Four Channel Cable Connection Info
Flash Player and Flash Games for BrainMaster – how to use?
Downtrain SMR and Beta Design
Doerte Klein Z Score Training Planning Sheet
DC and SCP Cycle Training
Computer Specifications for 2EB, Atlantis, and Discovery Users
COM Port that my BrainMaster is on – how to change?
Cognisys equipment working with BrainMaster
Can I use two monitors with BrainMaster?
Can I use two computers with BrainMaster?
Can I have more than 1 passkey for a BrainMaster?
Can I connect 2 laptops together to get 2 displays?
Built-in protocols
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Setup & Control Program “BSetup.exe” For EEG Biofeedback (Neurofeedback) Protocols
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Installation and User’s Manual 2004
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Setup & Control Program “BSetup.exe” For EEG Biofeedback (Neurofeedback) Protocols
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Installation and User’s Manual 2004
BrainMaster Upgrade Package Installation for Windows XP
BrainMaster Upgrade Package Installation for Windows Vista/7
BrainMaster StimFlash Software Installation and Operation Manual
BrainMaster Setup ~ Mini-Q & Full Q Set-Up and Mapping Instructions
BrainMaster Setup ~ Mini-Q & Full Q Set-Up and Mapping Instructions
BrainMaster Interactor Cushion Software Installation and Operation Manual © 2005, BrainMaster Technologies, Inc.
BrainMaster Interactor Cushion Or Vibrotactile Toy Installation and Operation Manual © 2007, BrainMaster Technologies, Inc.
BrainMaster Discovery Software Installation for Windows XP
BrainMaster Discovery Software Installation for Windows Vista/7
BrainMaster BrainAvatar Software User Manual
BrainMaster BrainAvatar 4.7.5 Software Installation
BrainMaster Add-on Package Installation for Windows XP
BrainMaster 3.4 Software Quick Installation Guide Windows XP
BrainMaster 3.4 Software Installation for Windows XP
BrainMaster 3.4 Software Installation for Windows Vista and 7
BrainMaster 3.0x Software Installation
BrainMaster 3.0 Software Installation for Windows XP
BrainMaster 3.0 Software Installation for Windows Vista/7
BrainMaster 2.5SE Software Installation for Windows XP
BioExplorer with a BrainMaster unit?
ATLANTIS and 2EB HARDWARE and USB INSTALLATION
Artifact Silencer
Animations Installation
Animation Files – where are they on the disk and how do I use them?
ANI Z-Score DLL for BrainMaster Software Activating for the BrainMaster 3.0 or Discovery Software
Affiliate Membership information
4-channel connection with 2 2-channel cables
3.4 Software Quick Installation Guide Windows Vista and Windows 7
2EB/Atlantis/Discovery Hardware Installation Guide for Windows XP
2EB/Atlantis/Discovery Hardware Installation Guide for Windows Vista and 7
2.5SE Software Installation

Online Manuals and Documentation

Z-Score Installation Instructions
Z Score PercentZOKUL with Four Channel Inhibit
Windows Volume Control
VIDEO RESOURCES FOR USE OF MINIQ AND MINIQ II
Using the Swingle Clinical Q Assessment and Spreadsheet
Using the Four Channel Cable
Uses of the Event Wizard
Use of Respirometer with BrainMaster Atlantis Devices
Two Hz Bins Design
Synchrony Training with the BrainMaster
Step-by-step instructions for installing BrainMaster 2.5SE software (includes USB drivers for the 2EB (“Baby”) module, or the Atlantis modules)
Software/Hardware Installation Instruction Manuals – UPDATED For latest installers online
Service Information
Sample Maps
Remote Client Remote Training Systems Training
Practice Guidelines for Neurofeedback
Photic Output control using BrainMaster Atlantis Software version 3.5 (and later) December 17, 2009
Phase Change Training with BrainMaster 2.5SE 3-14-2006 T. F. Collura
Percent ZOKUL Mark Smith Set-up Guide
New simplified method to create Settings Files from Trainee/Study folders 12/3/2009
New online help
Moving Studies File to be Used as Settings File
Minimum PC Requirements BrainMaster 3.0 Software or Discovery 1.0 Software with up to 4-Channel LZT*
Minimum PC Computer Requirements Atlantis I/II, 2EB, Discovery with BMrMMP** and up to 4 Channel LZT*
Making Coherence Coherent Brain Connectivity Assessment and Training Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. January 12, 2007
IVA+Plus Q Scores over Multiple Sessions for h1 mat
IVA+Plus Q Scores over Multiple Sessions for g ske
IVA+Plus Q Scores over Multiple Sessions for b1 nor
Instructions for Joining the BrainMaster List Server
IEEE Standards Association
IEEE Recommended Practice for Neurofeedback Systems
How to see your Impedance on the BrainMaster Training Screen
Guidelines for using the BrainMaster “MINI-Q” Interface
Guide to Coherence Training with the BrainMaster
Guide to Coherence Training with the BrainMaster
Getting started with the BrainMaster Atlantis system
Functional Analysis of MINIQ II positions, and Use with Live Zscores A Window to 4channel EEG Assessment and Training Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D.
Fractal Animations for BrainMaster NFViewer.pdf
Foundations of Neuronal Dynamics and Z Scores Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D BrainMaster Technologies, Inc.
Feiner Artikel Neurofeedback: Einführung und Grundlagen
FAQ Trend Graphs
Example of MINI-Q analysis using NeuroGuide
Example NeuroGuide Analysis of 19channel Atlantis MINIQ
EP Tests
Electrode Locations & Switch Positions for MINI-Q (with Leadwire Color Codes)
Electrode Locations & Switch Positions for MINI-Q (with Leadwire Color Codes)
Electro-Cap DB-25 Pin Assignments includes OZ and FPZ
EEG Audio Control Panel
Echtzeit Z-Wert mit Ultra-Low Frequenz 2 oder 4-Kanal-Training
Downtraining variability of variability
Downtraining user band (set to 12 – 20 Hz):
Discovery Module User’s Manual
Discovery Firmware Field Programming
Discovery erhält „stats data“ aus dem Trainings-Modus
Discovery and Mindset Comparison
Digital Clinical Norms-1.0 (DCN-1.0) REFERENCING DATABASE software
Design with BVP (Blood Volume Pulse), HR (Heart Rate), and RESP (Respiration) on one screen.
Description of Optional AVI Animations Package
Demonstrations of protocol design “DC and SCP Training Monopolar 4 Chan”
Demonstrationen des Protokoll-Designs “DC and SCP Training Monopolar 4 Chan
Decrease Percent Energy Alpha Waves
DC und Langsame Kortikale Potentiale – Information einschließlich Protokoll Designs und Links zu Studien
DC and Slow Cortical Potentials with BrainMaster Atlantis
DC and SCP Cycle Training
Data Dictionary for BrainMaster 2.5SE and 3.0 with Event Wizard and Math Wizard Equation Processor
Creating Neurofeedback Training Protocols & Patient Prep
Creating Neurofeedback Training Protocols & Patient Prep
CoolSynth MIDI synthesizer Installation Guide
Coherence Up Training with Beta Inhibit
Coherence Down Training
Coherence Calculation and Training using the BrainMaster
Co-modulation Training
Case Study Template 3-17-19
Case study screener and template
Calibration Information on 2E and Atlantis
BrainTrack
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & Software for Windowstm Session Librarian “futils.exe”
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & Software for Windowstm Review Screens
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Popup Display Windows for Master.exe
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Helpful Hints
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Display Screens for Master.exe
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Contributed Game Screens
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & Software for Windowstm Session Librarian “futils.exe”
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & Software for Windowstm Review Screens
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Popup Display Windows for Master.exe
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Helpful Hints
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Display Screens for Master.exe
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Contributed Game Screens
BrainMaster System Type 2E and 2EW Modules & Software for Windows
BrainMaster System Type 2E and 2EW Modules & Software for Windows
BrainMaster StimFlash Software Installation and Operation Manual
BrainMaster Setup ~ Mini-Q & Full Q Set-Up and Mapping Instructions
BrainMaster Setup ~ Mini-Q & Full Q Set-Up and Mapping Instructions
BrainMaster Quick Reference Guide – Version 2.0SE Simple Method to run a series of subjects
BrainMaster Multimedia Player (BMrMMP) User’s Manual
BrainMaster Multimedia Player (BMrDVD) User’s Manual
BrainMaster Macromedia Flash Player
BrainMaster Knowledge Base Article Using the Swingle Clinical Q Assessment and Spreadsheet by Gary Ames July 31, 2011
BrainMaster FlexCap 10-20 System
BrainMaster DLL Memory Mapping Emulation Mode for Somatic Vision and other external programs
BrainMaster BrainAvatar Software User Manual
BrainMaster 3.0.2 Sweet Spot Suite
BrainMaster 2.5SE Dynamic Screen Layout and Component Renaming
BrainAvatar 4.0 Release Version and Notes
BMZ Files Creating A BMZ from a Studies File
BiHemiSync 2 Channel Protocol
Basic Modules for Training (BMT) Version 2.0SE (Second Edition) QUICKSTART INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Basic 2-channel EEG Training Protocols Approaches, Methods, and Functional Block Diagrams T. F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. ©2004-2007
Approaches to Couples Training
Animations Installation
ANI Z-Score DLL for BrainMaster Software Activating for the BrainMaster 3.0 or Discovery Software

Troubleshooting

Will the USB to serial converter slow down the data communication between Brain Master and computer?
Will Inner Tube and Particle Editor work with BrainMaster 3.0 software?
Why will InnerTube and Particle Editor not connect with my BrainMaster?
Why is InnerTube running slow on my second monitor?
Why does my BrainMaster pass key for BioExplorer Enhanced not work?
Why am I not hearing the reward sounds?
Why am I getting a flat line with an occasional blip in the EEG?
What does the error message “Buffer Overflow” mean?
What does “Error Opening COM Port mean?
Use of Respirometer with BrainMaster Atlantis Devices
Sounds Not Working – No Sound at All
Session Wizard Troubleshooting
Review Session Results – Quick-File / Excel Table won’t open
Puzzle for BrainMaster – how to use?
My signal pauses with each reward sound on Vista. How do I fix this?
It says “Checking Module: Please wait a moment” and does nothing else – What do I do?
Interference Problems
Installer says “not enough disk space”
InnerTube and Particle Editor for BrainMaster – how to register?
I see a “Left mouse button down” message
I am having problems inputting my passkey what do I do?
How do I use my replacement/duplicate passkey?
How do I select the second channel on channel two when using BioExplorer with BrainMaster?
General troubleshooting help if something that used to work no longer works
Games in BrainMaster – how to use?
Flash Player and Flash Games for BrainMaster – how to use?
Event Wizard Troubleshooting
EEG MAP Answer Key
EEG Audio Basic Troubleshooting
DVD or MMP Player do not run at all
COM PORT problems
Can’t Open Video Device error when trying to run Multi-Media Player
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Helpful Hints
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Helpful Hints
BrainMaster Optional Support Files for 2.5SE / 3.0 Software bmrsupportfiles.exe
BioExplorer with a BrainMaster unit?
Battery Problems
ANI Z-Score DLL for BrainMaster Software Activating for the BrainMaster 3.0 or Discovery Software

FAQ

Will NeuroGuide work with BrainMaster?
Will Inner Tube and Particle Editor work with BrainMaster 3.0 software?
Will EEG’er work with BrainMaster?
Will DCN128 work with BrainMaster?
Will BrainMirror work with BrainMaster?
Will BioExplorer work with BrainMaster?
Why will InnerTube and Particle Editor not connect with my BrainMaster?
Why is InnerTube running slow on my second monitor?
Why does my BrainMaster pass key for BioExplorer Enhanced not work?
Why am I not hearing the reward sounds?
Why am I getting a flat line with an occasional blip in the EEG?
Where can I find training?
What does the error message “Buffer Overflow” mean?
What does “Error Opening COM Port mean?
Technical Information About the BrainMaster Unit
Puzzle for BrainMaster – how to use?
Practical Alternatives for Remote Neurotherapy: How Do We Reach the Home, School, and Office? Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D. BrainMaster Technologies, Inc.
My signal pauses with each reward sound on Vista. How do I fix this?
Minimum system requirements for using BioExplorer with BrainMaster?
Link to BrainMaster List Server on yahoogroups
Is there a list server for technical support?
Instructions for Joining the BrainMaster List Server
InnerTube and Particle Editor for BrainMaster – how to register?
How do I use my replacement/duplicate passkey?
Games in BrainMaster – how to use?
Flash Player and Flash Games for BrainMaster – how to use?
FAQ Trend Graphs
Entropy, Directed Coherence, and related documentation
Can I use my own animations, sounds, or videos with the MMP Player?
BrainMaster Universe Simplified (BUS) On-Ramp
BioExplorer with a BrainMaster unit?
Are there online videos for training and troubleshooting?

Clinical Reports and Testimonials

Z-Score Case Studies Dr Joseph Guan
Z Score Case Study
Toward an Operational Model of Decision Making, Emotional Regulation, and Mental Health Impact !omas F. Collura, PhD, QEEG-D, BCN, LPC; Carlos P. Zalaquett, PhD, LMHC; Ronald J. Bonnstetter, PhD; Seria J Chatters, PhD
The Role of Mind-Body Medicine in the Mind-Body Problem Jon A. Frederick, Ph.D., Director of Clinical Research, Quietmind Foundation
The Evidence-Base for Neurofeedback as a Reimbursable Healthcare Service to Treat Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder By H. Edmund Pigott, Ph.D.,a Lindsay De Biase, Ph.D.,b Eugenia Bodenhamer-Davis, Ph.D.c & Richard E. Davis, M.S.d
The Evidence-Base for Neurofeedback as a Reimbursable Healthcare Service to Treat Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder By H. Edmund Pigott, Ph.D.,a Lindsay De Biase, Ph.D.,b Eugenia Bodenhamer-Davis, Ph.D.c & Richard E. Davis, M.S.d
The Efficacy of Neurofeedback Training on Healthy College Students
Study may show whether neurofeedback helps people with ADHD and other disorders
Stanford Symposium – Music, Rhythm, and the Brain
Research using BrainMaster
Practical Alternatives for Remote Neurotherapy: How Do We Reach the Home, School, and Office? Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D. BrainMaster Technologies, Inc.
Neurophysics A 21 21st st Century approach to the Brain and Mind T.F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. 2007
Neurofeedback with anxiety and affective disorders D. Corydon Hammond, PhD, ABEN/ECNS
Neurofeedback for Elementary Students· with Identified Leaming Problems Peter C. Orlando, PhD Richard 0. Rivera, BS
Neurofeedback and standard pharmacological intervention in ADHD: A randomized controlled trial with six-month follow-up
Neurocounseling: Bridging Brain and Behavior – By Thomas F. Collura, Ronald J. Bonnstetter & Carlos Zalaquett
Neurocounseling: Bridging Brain and Behavior – By Thomas F. Collura, Ronald J. Bonnstetter & Carlos Zalaquett
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
Making Coherence Coherent Brain Connectivity Assessment and Training Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. January 12, 2007
Kyusho Energy Demonstration with surface Z-Scores and sLORETA EEG Imaging
IVA+Plus Q Scores over Multiple Sessions for g ske
Feiner Artikel Neurofeedback: Einführung und Grundlagen
Fehmi / Collura paper on Monopolar and Bipolar Training – Journal of Neurotherapy 2007
Data Usage Consent Form PDF
Data Usage Consent Form
Connectivity training using Sustained Reward Criterion and Refractory Period
Comment on Sustained Reward Criterion and Refractory Period
Combining EEG with Heart Rate Training for Brain / Body Optimization Thomas Collura PhD
Case Study Template Files
Case study from Drs. Stark and Lambos
Case Study from Dr. Tom Boone – August 8. 2010
BrainMaster Knowledge Base Article Using the Swingle Clinical Q Assessment and Spreadsheet by Gary Ames July 31, 2011
BrainMaster Case Study qEEG Assessment Clinician Identifier, Credentials, and Date of SubmissionJ. Tarrant, Ph.D., BCIAEEG 3/18/09
BrainMaster Case Study Clinician Identifier, Credentials, and Date of Submission J. Tarrant, Ph.D., BCIAEEG 3/28/09 Case Identifier TB
Brain, Mind, and Neurofeedback: The Next 100 Years
Amplitude or Power Training – Case Study
ADVANCES I N M I N D – B O D Y M E D I C I N E A PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL • FALL 2014 • VOL. 28, NO. 4
A FATHER FINDS A SOLUTION: Z-Score RE TRAINING Mark Smith, LCSW
A case of voluntary pain control revealed using EEG and sLORETA Imaging
4-CHANNEL Z-SCORE NEUROFEEDBACK: A SINGLE CASE STUDY

Workshops and Videos

Z-Score Validation Talk – Collura, SAN 2011, Thessalonika, Greece
Z-Score Case Studies Dr Joseph Guan
Workshop demonstration of 4-channel live z-score training
Validation of a Global Live Z-Score Protocol
Thalamocortical projections
Targeting Strategies for EEG Biofeedback Using Normative Databases Thomas Collura Ph.D
Synchrony Training with the BrainMaster Workshop
Remote Training with BrainMaster Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D. BrainMaster Technologies, Inc
Power Point and Handouts for QEEG Workshop
Phase Change Training with BrainMaster 2.5SE 3-14-2006 T. F. Collura
New Directions in Live Z-Score Neurofeedback
Neurophysics A 21 21st st Century approach to the Brain and Mind T.F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. 2007
Neurofeedback for Insomnia A New Look at an Old Workhorse: A Pilot Study of Z-Score Sensorimotor & Individualized Neurofeedback
Neurofeedback for Insomnia A New Look at an Old Workhorse: A Pilot Study of Z-Score Sensorimotor & Individualized Neurofeedback
NeurofeedbackTheory and Clinical Practice Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D. QEEGT
Mystery Brain Maps
Mark Smith’s Z Score Basic Training Workshop–Protocol Designs
Link to BrainMaster List Server on yahoogroups
ISNR and Training Workshop Power Points and Handouts
ISNR 2010 Power Points NEW MSBMB Talk Added
Functional Analysis of MINIQ II positions, and Use with Live Zscores A Window to 4channel EEG Assessment and Training Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D.
Frederic Chiu – Beechwood Arts Vibrations Links
Foundations of Neuronal Dynamicsand Z Scores Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D
Fehmi / Collura paper on Monopolar and Bipolar Training – Journal of Neurotherapy 2007
Example of MINI-Q analysis using NeuroGuide
Doerte Klein Teleneurofeedback Talk (new working link) – Society for Applied Neuroscience Seville May 7 2008
Current Horizons Talk Stone Mountain Center July 12 2008
ConnectivityUpdate Power Point Presentation for Third Brain Connectivity Training Conference – Newburgh, NY
BrainMaster Universe Simplified (BUS) On-Ramp
Biofeedback Foundation of Europe 2009 BrainMaster Talk and Training
Bill Scott Alpha Theta Workshop Power Point
Basic 2-channel EEG Training Protocols Approaches, Methods, and Functional Block Diagrams T. F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. © 2004
Aristotle Talk and Video
Applied Neurophysics A 21st Century Science of the Mind (8 Hour Workshop) T. F. Collura 7/16/06
Announcement for Mexican Bio/Neurofeedback Society.
AMHCA San Francisco Talk – Neurofeedback in Mental Health

Published Research

What is BEAM?
Use of HEG with BrainMaster 2.5SE and 3.0
Use of BioComp HEG with BrainMaster 2.5SE
Transient Response of Amplifiers & Infra-Low Frequencies
Towards a Coherent View of Brain Connectivity Thomas F. Collura, PhD, PE
Toward an Operational Model of Decision Making, Emotional Regulation, and Mental Health Impact !omas F. Collura, PhD, QEEG-D, BCN, LPC; Carlos P. Zalaquett, PhD, LMHC; Ronald J. Bonnstetter, PhD; Seria J Chatters, PhD
The slow and infraslow oscillations of cortical neural network
The Role of Mind-Body Medicine in the Mind-Body Problem Jon A. Frederick, Ph.D., Director of Clinical Research, Quietmind Foundation
The Evidence-Base for Neurofeedback as a Reimbursable Healthcare Service to Treat Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder By H. Edmund Pigott, Ph.D.,a Lindsay De Biase, Ph.D.,b Eugenia Bodenhamer-Davis, Ph.D.c & Richard E. Davis, M.S.d
The Evidence-Base for Neurofeedback as a Reimbursable Healthcare Service to Treat Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder By H. Edmund Pigott, Ph.D.,a Lindsay De Biase, Ph.D.,b Eugenia Bodenhamer-Davis, Ph.D.c & Richard E. Davis, M.S.d
The Efficacy of Neurofeedback Training on Healthy College Students
The Effects of QEEG-Informed Neurofeedback in ADHD: An Open-Label Pilot Study Martijn Arns • Wilhelmus Drinkenburg • J. Leon Kenemans
The Effect of Neurofeedback on Performance Anxiety in Dancers
The brain sees words, even nonsense ones, as pictures
Technical Foundations of Neurofeedback
Subdural Potentials at Orbitofrontal and Mesial Prefrontal Areas Accompanying Anticipation and Decision making in humans: a comparison with Bereitschaftspotential PDF
Stress and the Brain
Stanford Symposium – Music, Rhythm, and the Brain
sLORETA Imaging of Depression Indicators in Real Time
Seeing inside the client’s mind
Rorschach – Reliability and Validity
Research using BrainMaster
Research – Placebo controlled double-blind studies with EEG Biofeedback – Methods
Research – Choice of 4-channel montage for quick assessment
References for Live Z-Score Training
Quantum Time Crystals Frank Wilczek Center for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
QEEG-Guided Neurofeedback for Children with Histories of Abuse and Neglect: Neurodevelopmental Rationale and Pilot Study Lark Huang-Storms, MS Eugenia Bodenhamer-Davis, PhD Richard Davis, MS Janice Dunn, MA
Published Work – Links to Collura et. al. Z-Score book chapters and articles
Psychophysics of EEG alpha state discrimination
Photic Stimulation Articles
Optimizing dimensions for EEG alpha state discrimination Seth Viebrock, B.A., and Jon Frederick, Ph.D.
Neurotherapy of Fibromyalgia? David V. Nelson, PhD,*† Robert M. Bennett, MD,† Andre Barkhuizen, MD,†‡ Gary J. Sexton, PhD,a† Kim D. Jones, PhD,† Mary Lee Esty, PhD,§ Len Ochs, PhD,¶ and C. C. Stuart Donaldson, PhD**
Neurophysics A 21 21st st Century approach to the Brain and Mind T.F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. 2007
Neurofeedback with anxiety and affective disorders D. Corydon Hammond, PhD, ABEN/ECNS
Neurofeedback for Elementary Students· with Identified Leaming Problems Peter C. Orlando, PhD Richard 0. Rivera, BS
Neurofeedback and standard pharmacological intervention in ADHD: A randomized controlled trial with six-month follow-up
Neurofeedback and standard pharmacological intervention in ADHD: A randomized controlled trial with six-month follow-up
Neurocounseling: Bridging Brain and Behavior – By Thomas F. Collura, Ronald J. Bonnstetter & Carlos Zalaquett
Neurocounseling: Bridging Brain and Behavior – By Thomas F. Collura, Ronald J. Bonnstetter & Carlos Zalaquett
Myers and Young article – Journal of Counseling and Development
Music and the Brain
Movement-Related Potentials Research
Movement-related potentials associated with bilateral simultaneous and unilateral movemnts recorded from human supplementary motor area
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
Making Coherence Coherent Brain Connectivity Assessment and Training Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. January 12, 2007
Links to Functional Brain References
Jon Frederick article & abstracts on mind/body medicine and introspective EEG alpha state discrimination
Infra-Slow Fluctuations (ISF) correlations with EEG frequency bands using sLORETA
IEEE Recommended Practice for Neurofeedback Systems
Fehmi / Collura paper on Monopolar and Bipolar Training – Journal of Neurotherapy 2007
Emotional Decision-Making and the Brain
Electroencephalogram biofeedback for reading disability and traumatic brain injury Kirtley E. Thornton, PhD, Dennis P. Carmody, PhD
Detection of Synchronous EEG Events using ChannelSum/Difference Mode and JTFA T. F. Collura May 16, 2005
DC and Slow Cortical Potential Research Links
Crystals in time
Critical validation studies of neurofeedback John Gruzelier, PhDa,*, Tobias Egner, PhDb aDivision of Neuroscience and Psychological Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Dunstan’s Road, London W6 8RF, United Kingdom bFunctional MRI Research Center, Columbia University, Neurological Institute, Box 108, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
Control over Stress, But Not Stress Per Se Increases Prefrontal Cortical Pyramidal Neuron Excitability
Connectivity training using Sustained Reward Criterion and Refractory Period
Combining EEG with Heart Rate Training for Brain / Body Optimization Thomas Collura PhD
Classical Time Crystals Alfred Shapere1 and Frank Wilczek2
BrainMaster Case Study qEEG Assessment Clinician Identifier, Credentials, and Date of SubmissionJ. Tarrant, Ph.D., BCIAEEG 3/18/09
BrainMaster Case Study Clinician Identifier, Credentials, and Date of Submission J. Tarrant, Ph.D., BCIAEEG 3/28/09 Case Identifier TB
Brain, Mind, and Neurofeedback: The next 100 years Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E.
Brain, Mind, and Neurofeedback: The Next 100 Years
Brain – A look at the brain
Basic Electronics and Physics Chapter
Articles on brain activity, fear, love
Application of Repetitive Visual Stimulation to EEG by Thomas Collura PhD
ADVANCES I N M I N D – B O D Y M E D I C I N E A PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL • FALL 2014 • VOL. 28, NO. 4
A Modular Activation/Coherence Approach to Evaluating Clinical/QEEG Correlations and for Guiding Neurofeedback Training: Modular Insufficiencies, Modular Excesses, Disconnections, and Hyperconnections Jonathan E. Walker, MD Gerald P. Kozlowski, PhD Robert Lawson, MS
A default mode of brain function: A brief history of an evolving idea Marcus E. Raichlea,b,c,⁎ and Abraham Z. Snydera,b
10-10 system chart

Protocol Designs

Z-Score PercentZOKUL with 4-channel alpha enhance – Mark Smith
Z Theta Down Protocol Design
Z Scores with Peak2 C3 Beta C4 SMR
Z Scores PercentZOK with alpha uptraining
Z score training combined with amplitude training – how it works
Z score questions regarding different bands in the DLL versus BrainMaster, and coherence training
Z Score protocol five coherences normal UL
Z Score PercentZOKUL with Four Channel Inhibit__Mark Smith
Z Score All to Target Except Absolute Power – Separate Upper and Lower limits
Variability Downtraining Question
Uses of the Event Wizard
Two-Hz Bins with 8 bins and training via. Event Wizard, all games working
The BrainMaster Universe Simplified: BUS
Swingle Assessment – Revised
Swingle Assessment
Somatic Vision Games with Advanced Protocols
Simple method to downtrain hypercoherence
Settings Files Online Resource
Session Wizard changing period (run) length
SCC new protocols
Research – Placebo controlled double-blind studies with EEG Biofeedback – Methods
Research – Choice of 4-channel montage for quick assessment
Protocols for HemiSync training – 2 and 4 channels
Protocol Design Example – Downtrain Coherence while Inhibiting High Beta
Peripheral Settings Files – Dr. Ron Swatzyna
New Mark Smith Z-Score protocol design
Marvin Sams sound feedback design
Mark Smith’s Z Score Basic Training Workshop–Protocol Designs
Live Z-Score with Ultra Low Frequency 2 or 4 channel
John Demos Reference Database 2 Bipolar Training Design
Implementation of Sterman protocol
How to Convert a Downloaded Protocol Design into a Settings File
Gamma SCC (Spectral Correlation Coefficient) Uptraining Settings File Example
Four Channel Alpha Synchrony Protocol
Excess SMR downtraining via. z-scores – comments
Entropy, Directed Coherence, and related documentation
EEG with Simultaneous HEG, impedance, and DC
EEG with HRV paper
E-NeuroMarketing Application with BrainAvatar
Downtraining variability of variability
Downtrain SMR and Beta Design
Demonstrations of protocol design “DC and SCP Training Monopolar 4 Chan”
Decrease Percent Energy Alpha
DC and SCP cycle training – Birbaumer, Tubingen
Coherence Up Training with Beta Inhibit
Coherence Downtraining with Inhibit Hibeta Power
Coherence Downtraining Protocol Design
Coherence Downtraining
Can I do alpha/theta training with BrainMaster?
Brodmann Maps – Numbered
BrainTrack Instructional Videos and Protocols
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Setup & Control Program “BSetup.exe” For EEG Biofeedback (Neurofeedback) Protocols
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Setup & Control Program “BSetup.exe” For EEG Biofeedback (Neurofeedback) Protocols
Bipolar Bipolar Training
BioPlay Space Invaders Design
Basic 2-channel EEG Training Protocols Approaches, Methods, and Functional Block Diagrams T. F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. ©2004-2007
Basic 2-channel EEG Training Protocols Approaches, Methods, and Functional Block Diagrams T. F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. © 2004

BrainAvatar EEG Software

ZBuilder Quality of Fit
Z-Builder Documentation and Settings Files
Z Score Targeting Strategies for EEG Biofeedback Using Normative Databases
Synchrony Training with the BrainMaster
Settings Files Online Resource
LORETA/sLORETA comparison using 3 different methods
Live sLORETA Videos
Live sLORETA Brain Imaging & Biofeedback using a Normative Database
Live sLORETA Brain Imaging & Biofeedback using a Normative Database
Infra-Slow Fluctuations (ISF) sLORETA Imaging
Impedance Lights On/Off in LENS Software
Impedance Check and Calibration
Fractal Animations for BrainMaster NFViewer.pdf
Event Wizard for BrainMaster – Preliminary 11/17/05
EEG MAP Answer Key
Data Dictionary for BrainMaster 2.5SE and 3.0 with Event Wizard and Math Wizard Equation Processor
ColorQuest for the Brainmaster
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Display Screens for Master.exe
BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Display Screens for Master.exe
BrainMaster Neurofeedback Software Comparison Chart
BrainMaster DLL Memory Mapping Emulation Mode for Somatic Vision and other external programs
BrainMaster 3.0.2 Sweet Spot Suite
BrainAvatar sLORETA Regions of Interest (ROI’s)
BrainAvatar Questions and Answers
BrainAvatar 4.0 Release Version and Notes

Most Viewed Articles

Z-Score Training basic instructions
Z-PLUS LZT Live Z-Score Training Software Revised with Z-Bars and Z-Maps Display
Workshop demonstration of 4-channel live z-score training
What does “Error Opening COM Port mean?
Towards a Coherent View of Brain Connectivity – Journal of Neurotherapy Final PDF Online
Software/Hardware Installation Instruction Manuals – UPDATED For latest installers online
Rorschach – Reliability and Validity
Mark Smith’s Z Score Basic Training Workshop–Protocol Designs
ISNR and Training Workshop Power Points and Handouts
Four Channel Alpha Synchrony Protocol
Error Opening COM Port
DVD Player working on Windows XP – UPDATED
DVD Player working on Windows Vista & 7 – UPDATED
Discovery 24E specs
Discovery 24E Channel EEG / DC amplifier
DC and Slow Cortical Potential Information including Protocol Designs and Research Links
Case study from Drs. Stark and Lambos
Can I do alpha/theta training with BrainMaster?
BrainTrack Real-Time Real-World Control and Gaming Interface
10-10 system chart

Home
Docs
Most Viewed Articles
Towards a Coherent View of Brain Connectivity – Journal of Neurotherapy Final PDF Online

Towards a Coherent View of Brain Connectivity – Journal of Neurotherapy Final PDF Online

The attached article and references have been published in the Journal of Neurotherapy.

The following link is directly to an online pdf file:

WNEU_A_343495_O

Towards_a_Coherent_View_of_Brain_Connectivity_Revised

connectivity_references

www.brainm.com/software/pubs/WNEU_A_343495_O.pdf

Share This Article :

Still stuck? How can we help?

How can we help?

Name: *

Email: *

Message: *

Updated on October 8, 2020

Software/Hardware Installation Instruction Manuals – UPDATED For latest installers online What does “Error Opening COM Port mean?

Powered by BetterDocs

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

You must be logged in to post a comment.

Affiliate Program

Find a Practitioner

Minimum System Requirements

Search for:

Copyright © 2023 BrainMaster Technologies Inc.