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Symptoms, Disorders, Functions, and the NIH Research Domain Criteria There are historically two basic approaches to evaluation and treatment of mental and emotional disorders, and although they are in some conflict, it is possible to combine them to ensure best practices.  These are the disorder-oriented symptom-based approach, epitomized by the DSM-V and its associated practice […]

“The simplest type of breakdown exhibits itself as an oscillation in a goal-seeking process which appears only when that process is actively invoked.”   — Norbert Wiener (1988) The Human use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society”, p. 1163, Da Capo Press. Z-score neurofeedback (ZNF) is an advanced EEG-based biofeedback technique that uses real-time statistical comparisons