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BrainMaster Technologies Inc.
  • Home
    • Practitioners
    • Clients
  • Our Products
    • Our Products
    • Affiliate Membership
    • Telehealth
    • Software Downloads
    • Minimum System Requirements
  • Resources
    • Knowledge Base
    • BrainAvatar Video Guide
    • Webinars
    • Minimum System Requirements
    • Software Downloads
    • Find A Practitioner
  • About Us
    • Our Company
    • Tom’s Blog
    • Contact Us
  • Store
  • My Account
    • My Profile
    • My Cart
    • Checkout
  • Login/SignUp

BrainMaster Knowledge Base

News

  • Z-Score Validation Talk – Collura, SAN 2011, Thessalonika, Greece
  • Z-PLUS LZT Live Z-Score Training Software Revised with Z-Bars and Z-Maps Display
  • Z-PLUS Documentation and Design by Neils Schnepel
  • Z Score White Paper
  • Workshop demonstration of 4-channel live z-score training
  • Where can I find training?
  • Vielight / MicroTesla / Photic Stimulation with Atlantis & Echo
  • Transient Response of Amplifiers & Infra-Low Frequencies
  • Towards a Coherent View of Brain Connectivity – Journal of Neurotherapy Final PDF Online
  • Technical Foundations of Neurofeedback
  • Sufi self-piercing with live sLORETA Z-Score image
  • Stanford Symposium – Music, Rhythm, and the Brain
  • sLORETA Imaging of Depression Indicators in Real Time
  • Seeing inside the client’s mind
  • Sample QEEG comparison data from forthcoming talk
  • Respirometer on Atlantis for Respiratory Effort Sensing
  • Remote Training Video Links and documentation
  • Pulse Oximeter and HRV Application Information
  • Published Work – Links to Collura et. al. Z-Score book chapters and articles
  • Prayers for Ryan Reitmeyer
  • Photic Stimulation Articles
  • Photic Output using Atlantis built-in stim with Event Wizard, Session Wizard, and EEG control
  • Peripheral Settings Files – Dr. Ron Swatzyna
  • New York University EEG Live Z-Score Database
  • New York University EEG Database References
  • New online help
  • Neurophysics and other topics
  • Neils Schnepel BrainAvatar Live Loreta Training Results
  • Myers and Young article – Journal of Counseling and Development
  • Music and the Brain
  • Multivariate Proportional (MVP) Targeting – what is it and how is BrainMaster different?
  • Multimodality Ron Swatzyna designs – HRV, respiration, etc.
  • Movement-Related Potentials Research
  • MicroTesla validation using sLORETA
  • MicroTesla low-intensity rTMS Subthreshold Magnetic Feedback Stimulator
  • Live sLORETA Videos
  • Links on Neuroanatomy, Human Connectome Project, Brain Atlas, Brodmann Atlas
  • Latest Developments – summary for April 2008
  • Kyusho Energy Demonstration with surface Z-Scores and sLORETA EEG Imaging
  • ISNR Issues Practice Guidelines for Neurofeedback
  • ISNR and Training Workshop Power Points and Handouts
  • ISNR 2010 Power Points NEW MSBMB Talk Added
  • Instructions for Joining the BrainMaster List Server
  • Infra-Slow Fluctuations (ISF) sLORETA Imaging
  • Infra-Slow Fluctuations (ISF) correlations with EEG frequency bands using sLORETA
  • IEEE Standard for Neurofeedback
  • German Language Atlantis Code 3.7 – Updated to latest 3.7i
  • Frederic Chiu – Beechwood Arts Vibrations Links
  • Flash Games – new titles online now for 2010
  • Fehmi / Collura paper on Monopolar and Bipolar Training – Journal of Neurotherapy 2007
  • Entropy, Directed Coherence, and related documentation
  • E-NeuroMarketing Application with BrainAvatar
  • Doerte Klein Teleneurofeedback Talk (new working link) – Society for Applied Neuroscience Seville May 7 2008
  • Discovery Training Information
  • Discovery Evoked Potentials using EEGLab
  • Discovery 24E specs
  • Discovery 24E Channel EEG / DC amplifier
  • Demonstration of the correlation between FFT and JTFA for short- and long-term statistics
  • DC and Slow Cortical Potential Research Links
  • DC and Slow Cortical Potential Information including Protocol Designs and Research Links
  • Corvette Stingray 2014 collaborates with BrainMaster BrainAvatar
  • ConnectivityUpdate Power Point Presentation for Third Brain Connectivity Training Conference – Newburgh, NY
  • Comparison of BrainDX and ANI surface maps
  • Case study from Drs. Stark and Lambos
  • Case Studies on z-score training compiled
  • Can I contribute to the knowledge base?
  • BReview update with zoom and filtering modes and live z-scores summary April 29, 2008 updated with Events July 22, 2008
  • BrainTrack Real-Time Real-World Control and Gaming Interface
  • BrainTrack on BBC
  • BrainMaster US FDA Registration Information
  • BrainMaster Live Z-Scores using reference databases
  • BrainAvatar 4.0 Release Version and Notes
  • Biofeedback Foundation of Europe 2009 BrainMaster Talk and Training
  • Articles on brain activity, fear, love
  • Ariz. company helping athletes improve mental game
  • Aristotle Talk and Video
  • Are there online videos for training and troubleshooting?
  • Announcement for Mexican Bio/Neurofeedback Society.
  • Americanization of Mental Illness by Ethan Waters The NY Times
  • Affiliate Membership information
  • 19-channel MINI-Q with NeuroGuide 2.4.4 Analysis

Z-Score Training

  • ZBuilder Quality of Fit
  • Z-Wert Training Kalkulationstabelle
  • Z-scores and Golf
  • Z-Score Training Sheet
  • Z-Score Setup Settings File
  • Z-Score Installation Instructions
  • Z-Score Case Studies Dr Joseph Guan
  • Z-PLUS LZT Live Z-Score Training Software Revised with Z-Bars and Z-Maps Display
  • Z-PLUS Documentation and Design by Neils Schnepel
  • Z-FOCUS: PERCENT ZOK ENHANCE
  • Z-FOCUS enhanced Z-Plus design by Hai Pham Dinh
  • Z-Builder Documentation and Settings Files
  • Z Score White Paper
  • Z Score Training with BrainMaster 2.5SE
  • Z score training combined with amplitude training – how it works
  • Z Score Training
  • Z Score Targeting Strategies for EEG Biofeedback Using Normative Databases
  • Z Score PercentZOKUL with Four Channel Inhibit
  • Z Score Installation
  • Z Score Comparison of Mitsar / WinEEG / EDF File / NeuroGuide with Discovery / BrainMaster SW / EDF File / NeuroGuide
  • Z Score Case Study
  • Z Score Brochure
  • Z Score All to Target Except Absolute Power – Separate Upper and Lower limits
  • Z Plus Niels
  • Will z score training replace the clinician?
  • What is the most important thing about live Z Score training?
  • Validation of a Global Live Z-Score Protocol
  • Towards a Coherent View of Brain Connectivity – Journal of Neurotherapy Final PDF Online
  • Targeting Strategies for EEG Biofeedback Using Normative Databases Thomas Collura Ph.D
  • Sufi self-piercing with live sLORETA Z-Score image
  • Static versus Dynamic Z-Scores
  • Specifying and Developing References for Live Z-Score Neurofeedback
  • Sample QEEG comparison data from forthcoming talk
  • Procedure to enable 19channel DLL for Live ZScore Training
  • New York University EEG Live Z-Score Database
  • New York University EEG Database References
  • New Directions in Live Z-Score Neurofeedback
  • Neurofeedback for Insomnia A New Look at an Old Workhorse: A Pilot Study of Z-Score Sensorimotor & Individualized Neurofeedback
  • Neurofeedback for Insomnia A New Look at an Old Workhorse: A Pilot Study of Z-Score Sensorimotor & Individualized Neurofeedback
  • Multivariate Proportional (MVP) Targeting – what is it and how is BrainMaster different?
  • Mark Smith’s Z Score Basic Training Workshop–Protocol Designs
  • LORETA/sLORETA comparison using 3 different methods
  • Live Z-Scores – how to review?
  • Live Z-Score with Ultra Low Frequency 2 or 4 channel
  • Joseph Guan Z-Score Training Data Sheet
  • How well do live Z Scores match the NeuroGuide Z Scores?
  • Foundations of Neuronal Dynamics and Z Scores Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D BrainMaster Technologies, Inc.
  • Foundations of Neuronal Dynamicsand Z Scores Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D
  • Example NeuroGuide Analysis of 19channel Atlantis MINIQ
  • Doerte Klein Z Score Training Planning Sheet
  • Demonstration of the correlation between FFT and JTFA for short- and long-term statistics
  • Comparison of QEEG-Pro and NeuroGuide map summaries
  • Comparison of Deymed and Discovery EC
  • Comparison of BrainDX and ANI surface maps
  • BrainMaster Live Z-Scores using reference databases
  • BrainAvatar comparison with surface maps
  • ANI Z-Score DLL for BrainMaster Software Activating for the BrainMaster 3.0 or Discovery Software
  • Amplitude or Power Training – Case Study
  • A FATHER FINDS A SOLUTION: Z-Score RE TRAINING Mark Smith, LCSW

Product Information

  • What’s new in 2.5 and 2.5SE
  • What versions of the software run on what operating system?
  • What peripheral modalities are available?
  • Vielight / MicroTesla / Photic Stimulation with Atlantis & Echo
  • The Atlantis Visual/Auditory/Tactile (V/A/T) Immersion System
  • Technical Information About the BrainMaster Unit
  • Software updates – how do I get them?
  • Research using BrainMaster
  • Recognized Consensus Standards FDA
  • Product Classification FDA
  • Passkey enabling information – what is enabled?
  • Pass Key License information
  • Moving Studies File to be Used as Settings File
  • Minimum PC Requirements BrainMaster 3.0 Software or Discovery 1.0 Software with up to 4-Channel LZT*
  • MINI-Q information
  • Latest Developments – summary for April 2008
  • Is there a list server for technical support?
  • InnerTube or Particle Editor with my BrainMaster – how to install?
  • How do I use my replacement/duplicate passkey?
  • Guide to Coherence Training with the BrainMaster
  • Fractal Animations for BrainMaster NFViewer.pdf
  • Event Wizard information
  • Event Wizard for BrainMaster – Preliminary 11/17/05
  • Entropy, Directed Coherence, and related documentation
  • Electrode Locations & Switch Positions for MINI-Q (with Leadwire Color Codes)
  • Electrode Locations & Switch Positions for MINI-Q (with Leadwire Color Codes)
  • Electro-Cap DB-25 Pin Assignments includes OZ and FPZ
  • Discovery erhält „stats data“ aus dem Trainings-Modus
  • Description of Optional AVI Animations Package
  • Data Dictionary for BrainMaster 2.5SE and 3.0 with Event Wizard and Math Wizard Equation Processor
  • Data Dictionary for BrainMaster 2.5SE and 3.0 with Event Wizard and Math Wizard Equation Processor
  • ColorQuest for the Brainmaster
  • Can I have more than 1 passkey for a BrainMaster?
  • BrainTrack Real-Time Real-World Control and Gaming Interface
  • BrainTrack
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Popup Display Windows for Master.exe
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Display Screens for Master.exe
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Popup Display Windows for Master.exe
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Display Screens for Master.exe
  • BrainMaster Setup ~ Mini-Q & Full Q Set-Up and Mapping Instructions
  • BrainMaster Setup ~ Mini-Q & Full Q Set-Up and Mapping Instructions
  • BrainMaster Neurofeedback Software Comparison Chart
  • BrainMaster FlexCap 10-20 System
  • Brainman2 for the BrainMaster
  • Brainman 2
  • BrainAvatar 4.0 Release Version and Notes
  • Brain Cats 3D
  • Brain Cats 2
  • BlimpRace
  • Atlantis Spec Sheet
  • Atlantis information
  • Atlantis Brochure 2006
  • ATLANTIS and 2EB HARDWARE and USB INSTALLATION

Discovery 24 EEG

  • Z-Score Insomnia Study – Barbara Hammer
  • Z-FOCUS enhanced Z-Plus design by Hai Pham Dinh
  • TOVA interface to Atlantis/Discovery
  • Software Comparison Chart
  • sLORETA z-scores of gamma
  • sLORETA MRI Concordance using BrainAvatar
  • sLORETA Imaging – Society for Applied Neuroscience
  • Relationship between QEEG and BrainAvatar
  • QEEG Map Comparison Tests
  • Private Institutional Review Board
  • Pain Blocking Hubs and circuits in Sufi Piercing
  • NeuroGuide EDF File Import Guidelines
  • Neils Schnepel BrainAvatar Live Loreta Training Results
  • MINI-Q II with Live Z-scores protocol design
  • MINI-LLP video
  • MicroTesla Frequency Sets I – EEG Frequencies and Reference Links
  • LORETA sLORETA comparison
  • Live Z-Score Training – Typical Single-Session Changes
  • Live Z-Score Linearity
  • iPad / iPod / SmartPhone / Tablet Interface
  • Installation and Use for 19-channel Live Z-Score Training using Discovery
  • Installation and Use for 19-channel Live Z-Score Training using Discovery
  • I just did the Discovery Firmware Upgrade, and now I cannot log into NeuroGuide. What Do I Do?
  • Example of BDX live z-score session
  • Ensuring high-quality EEG recordings Search
  • Ensuring high-quality EEG recordings
  • EMG Protocols
  • Discussion of Live z-score DLL’s
  • Discovery Training Information
  • Discovery Firmware Field Upgrade Process
  • Discovery Evoked Potentials using EEGLab
  • Discovery erhält „stats data“ aus dem Trainings-Modus
  • Discovery and Mindset Comparison
  • Discovery 24E specs
  • Discovery 24E Sensor and Offset Information
  • Discovery 24E Mindset Simultaneous Map Comparisons
  • Discovery 24E Evoked Potentials
  • Discovery 24E EEG NeuroGuide Screen
  • Discovery 24E EEG Loreta Low-Resolution EEG Tomography
  • Discovery 24E comparison tests
  • Discovery 24E Channel EEG / DC amplifier
  • Discovery 24E Cadwell Comparison
  • Discovery 2-channel (T3-T4) Connections
  • Discovery 1.5.6 ILF Software 0.001 Hz Response
  • Comparison of BRAINMASTER DISCOVERY Amplifier to NeuroPulse NPQ Amplifier
  • Cancun Talk – Collura BrainMaster
  • BrainMaster FlashPlayer Update
  • BrainAvatar sLORETA Regions of Interest (ROI’s)
  • BrainAvatar Settings Files Set 1
  • BrainAvatar Questions and Answers
  • Arns et al QEEG and ADHD
  • Alpha harmonics in QEEG
  • 10-10 system chart

Installation and Configuration

  • Z-Score Installation Instructions
  • Z-Builder Documentation and Settings Files
  • Z Score Installation
  • Volume Controls for Windows
  • Vielight / MicroTesla / Photic Stimulation with Atlantis & Echo
  • Uses of the Event Wizard
  • Sweet Spot Suite?
  • Step-by-step instructions for installing BrainMaster 2.5SE software (includes USB drivers for the 2EB (“Baby”) module, or the Atlantis modules)
  • Somatic Vision games – basic instructions
  • Software/Hardware Installation Instruction Manuals – UPDATED For latest installers online
  • Software and Hardware Installation Manual
  • Setup and Control Program
  • Settings Files Online Resource
  • Session Librarian – BMZ Information
  • Respirometer on Atlantis for Respiratory Effort Sensing
  • Remote Training Setup Instructions
  • Pulse Oximeter and HRV Application Information
  • Protocol design procedure
  • Peripheral settings files
  • Pass Key License information
  • New Documentation for BrainMaster Software – Installers
  • Moving Studies File to be Used as Settings File
  • Minimum requirements for running InnerTube and Particle Editor with BrainMaster?
  • Minimum PC Requirements BrainMaster 3.0 Software or Discovery 1.0 Software with up to 4-Channel LZT*
  • Minimum PC Computer Requirements Atlantis I/II, 2EB, Discovery with BMrMMP** and up to 4 Channel LZT*
  • Interactor Cushion Software Manual
  • How can I choose different component sounds?
  • HIPAA compliance considerations
  • German Language Atlantis Code 3.7 – Updated to latest 3.7i
  • Four Channel Cable Connection Info
  • Flash Player and Flash Games for BrainMaster – how to use?
  • Downtrain SMR and Beta Design
  • Doerte Klein Z Score Training Planning Sheet
  • DC and SCP Cycle Training
  • Computer Specifications for 2EB, Atlantis, and Discovery Users
  • COM Port that my BrainMaster is on – how to change?
  • Cognisys equipment working with BrainMaster
  • Can I use two monitors with BrainMaster?
  • Can I use two computers with BrainMaster?
  • Can I have more than 1 passkey for a BrainMaster?
  • Can I connect 2 laptops together to get 2 displays?
  • Built-in protocols
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Setup & Control Program “BSetup.exe” For EEG Biofeedback (Neurofeedback) Protocols
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Installation and User’s Manual 2004
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Setup & Control Program “BSetup.exe” For EEG Biofeedback (Neurofeedback) Protocols
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Installation and User’s Manual 2004
  • BrainMaster Upgrade Package Installation for Windows XP
  • BrainMaster Upgrade Package Installation for Windows Vista/7
  • BrainMaster StimFlash Software Installation and Operation Manual
  • BrainMaster Setup ~ Mini-Q & Full Q Set-Up and Mapping Instructions
  • BrainMaster Setup ~ Mini-Q & Full Q Set-Up and Mapping Instructions
  • BrainMaster Interactor Cushion Software Installation and Operation Manual © 2005, BrainMaster Technologies, Inc.
  • BrainMaster Interactor Cushion Or Vibrotactile Toy Installation and Operation Manual © 2007, BrainMaster Technologies, Inc.
  • BrainMaster Discovery Software Installation for Windows XP
  • BrainMaster Discovery Software Installation for Windows Vista/7
  • BrainMaster BrainAvatar Software User Manual
  • BrainMaster BrainAvatar 4.7.5 Software Installation
  • BrainMaster Add-on Package Installation for Windows XP
  • BrainMaster 3.4 Software Quick Installation Guide Windows XP
  • BrainMaster 3.4 Software Installation for Windows XP
  • BrainMaster 3.4 Software Installation for Windows Vista and 7
  • BrainMaster 3.0x Software Installation
  • BrainMaster 3.0 Software Installation for Windows XP
  • BrainMaster 3.0 Software Installation for Windows Vista/7
  • BrainMaster 2.5SE Software Installation for Windows XP
  • BioExplorer with a BrainMaster unit?
  • ATLANTIS and 2EB HARDWARE and USB INSTALLATION
  • Artifact Silencer
  • Animations Installation
  • Animation Files – where are they on the disk and how do I use them?
  • ANI Z-Score DLL for BrainMaster Software Activating for the BrainMaster 3.0 or Discovery Software
  • Affiliate Membership information
  • 4-channel connection with 2 2-channel cables
  • 3.4 Software Quick Installation Guide Windows Vista and Windows 7
  • 2EB/Atlantis/Discovery Hardware Installation Guide for Windows XP
  • 2EB/Atlantis/Discovery Hardware Installation Guide for Windows Vista and 7
  • 2.5SE Software Installation

Online Manuals and Documentation

  • Z-Score Installation Instructions
  • Z Score PercentZOKUL with Four Channel Inhibit
  • Windows Volume Control
  • VIDEO RESOURCES FOR USE OF MINIQ AND MINIQ II
  • Using the Swingle Clinical Q Assessment and Spreadsheet
  • Using the Four Channel Cable
  • Uses of the Event Wizard
  • Use of Respirometer with BrainMaster Atlantis Devices
  • Two Hz Bins Design
  • Synchrony Training with the BrainMaster
  • Step-by-step instructions for installing BrainMaster 2.5SE software (includes USB drivers for the 2EB (“Baby”) module, or the Atlantis modules)
  • Software/Hardware Installation Instruction Manuals – UPDATED For latest installers online
  • Service Information
  • Sample Maps
  • Remote Client Remote Training Systems Training
  • Practice Guidelines for Neurofeedback
  • Photic Output control using BrainMaster Atlantis Software version 3.5 (and later) December 17, 2009
  • Phase Change Training with BrainMaster 2.5SE 3-14-2006 T. F. Collura
  • Percent ZOKUL Mark Smith Set-up Guide
  • New simplified method to create Settings Files from Trainee/Study folders 12/3/2009
  • New online help
  • Moving Studies File to be Used as Settings File
  • Minimum PC Requirements BrainMaster 3.0 Software or Discovery 1.0 Software with up to 4-Channel LZT*
  • Minimum PC Computer Requirements Atlantis I/II, 2EB, Discovery with BMrMMP** and up to 4 Channel LZT*
  • Making Coherence Coherent Brain Connectivity Assessment and Training Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. January 12, 2007
  • IVA+Plus Q Scores over Multiple Sessions for h1 mat
  • IVA+Plus Q Scores over Multiple Sessions for g ske
  • IVA+Plus Q Scores over Multiple Sessions for b1 nor
  • Instructions for Joining the BrainMaster List Server
  • IEEE Standards Association
  • IEEE Recommended Practice for Neurofeedback Systems
  • How to see your Impedance on the BrainMaster Training Screen
  • Guidelines for using the BrainMaster “MINI-Q” Interface
  • Guide to Coherence Training with the BrainMaster
  • Guide to Coherence Training with the BrainMaster
  • Getting started with the BrainMaster Atlantis system
  • Functional Analysis of MINIQ II positions, and Use with Live Zscores A Window to 4channel EEG Assessment and Training Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D.
  • Fractal Animations for BrainMaster NFViewer.pdf
  • Foundations of Neuronal Dynamics and Z Scores Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D BrainMaster Technologies, Inc.
  • Feiner Artikel Neurofeedback: Einführung und Grundlagen
  • FAQ Trend Graphs
  • Example of MINI-Q analysis using NeuroGuide
  • Example NeuroGuide Analysis of 19channel Atlantis MINIQ
  • EP Tests
  • Electrode Locations & Switch Positions for MINI-Q (with Leadwire Color Codes)
  • Electrode Locations & Switch Positions for MINI-Q (with Leadwire Color Codes)
  • Electro-Cap DB-25 Pin Assignments includes OZ and FPZ
  • EEG Audio Control Panel
  • Echtzeit Z-Wert mit Ultra-Low Frequenz 2 oder 4-Kanal-Training
  • Downtraining variability of variability
  • Downtraining user band (set to 12 – 20 Hz):
  • Discovery Module User’s Manual
  • Discovery Firmware Field Programming
  • Discovery erhält „stats data“ aus dem Trainings-Modus
  • Discovery and Mindset Comparison
  • Digital Clinical Norms-1.0 (DCN-1.0) REFERENCING DATABASE software
  • Design with BVP (Blood Volume Pulse), HR (Heart Rate), and RESP (Respiration) on one screen.
  • Description of Optional AVI Animations Package
  • Demonstrations of protocol design “DC and SCP Training Monopolar 4 Chan”
  • Demonstrationen des Protokoll-Designs “DC and SCP Training Monopolar 4 Chan
  • Decrease Percent Energy Alpha Waves
  • DC und Langsame Kortikale Potentiale – Information einschließlich Protokoll Designs und Links zu Studien
  • DC and Slow Cortical Potentials with BrainMaster Atlantis
  • DC and SCP Cycle Training
  • Data Dictionary for BrainMaster 2.5SE and 3.0 with Event Wizard and Math Wizard Equation Processor
  • Creating Neurofeedback Training Protocols & Patient Prep
  • Creating Neurofeedback Training Protocols & Patient Prep
  • CoolSynth MIDI synthesizer Installation Guide
  • Coherence Up Training with Beta Inhibit
  • Coherence Down Training
  • Coherence Calculation and Training using the BrainMaster
  • Co-modulation Training
  • Case Study Template 3-17-19
  • Case study screener and template
  • Calibration Information on 2E and Atlantis
  • BrainTrack
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & Software for Windowstm Session Librarian “futils.exe”
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & Software for Windowstm Review Screens
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Popup Display Windows for Master.exe
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Helpful Hints
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Display Screens for Master.exe
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Contributed Game Screens
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & Software for Windowstm Session Librarian “futils.exe”
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & Software for Windowstm Review Screens
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Popup Display Windows for Master.exe
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Helpful Hints
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Display Screens for Master.exe
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Contributed Game Screens
  • BrainMaster System Type 2E and 2EW Modules & Software for Windows
  • BrainMaster System Type 2E and 2EW Modules & Software for Windows
  • BrainMaster StimFlash Software Installation and Operation Manual
  • BrainMaster Setup ~ Mini-Q & Full Q Set-Up and Mapping Instructions
  • BrainMaster Setup ~ Mini-Q & Full Q Set-Up and Mapping Instructions
  • BrainMaster Quick Reference Guide – Version 2.0SE Simple Method to run a series of subjects
  • BrainMaster Multimedia Player (BMrMMP) User’s Manual
  • BrainMaster Multimedia Player (BMrDVD) User’s Manual
  • BrainMaster Macromedia Flash Player
  • BrainMaster Knowledge Base Article Using the Swingle Clinical Q Assessment and Spreadsheet by Gary Ames July 31, 2011
  • BrainMaster FlexCap 10-20 System
  • BrainMaster DLL Memory Mapping Emulation Mode for Somatic Vision and other external programs
  • BrainMaster BrainAvatar Software User Manual
  • BrainMaster 3.0.2 Sweet Spot Suite
  • BrainMaster 2.5SE Dynamic Screen Layout and Component Renaming
  • BrainAvatar 4.0 Release Version and Notes
  • BMZ Files Creating A BMZ from a Studies File
  • BiHemiSync 2 Channel Protocol
  • Basic Modules for Training (BMT) Version 2.0SE (Second Edition) QUICKSTART INSTRUCTION MANUAL
  • Basic 2-channel EEG Training Protocols Approaches, Methods, and Functional Block Diagrams T. F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. ©2004-2007
  • Approaches to Couples Training
  • Animations Installation
  • ANI Z-Score DLL for BrainMaster Software Activating for the BrainMaster 3.0 or Discovery Software

Troubleshooting

  • Will the USB to serial converter slow down the data communication between Brain Master and computer?
  • Will Inner Tube and Particle Editor work with BrainMaster 3.0 software?
  • Why will InnerTube and Particle Editor not connect with my BrainMaster?
  • Why is InnerTube running slow on my second monitor?
  • Why does my BrainMaster pass key for BioExplorer Enhanced not work?
  • Why am I not hearing the reward sounds?
  • Why am I getting a flat line with an occasional blip in the EEG?
  • What does the error message “Buffer Overflow” mean?
  • What does “Error Opening COM Port mean?
  • Use of Respirometer with BrainMaster Atlantis Devices
  • Sounds Not Working – No Sound at All
  • Session Wizard Troubleshooting
  • Review Session Results – Quick-File / Excel Table won’t open
  • Puzzle for BrainMaster – how to use?
  • My signal pauses with each reward sound on Vista. How do I fix this?
  • It says “Checking Module: Please wait a moment” and does nothing else – What do I do?
  • Interference Problems
  • Installer says “not enough disk space”
  • InnerTube and Particle Editor for BrainMaster – how to register?
  • I see a “Left mouse button down” message
  • I am having problems inputting my passkey what do I do?
  • How do I use my replacement/duplicate passkey?
  • How do I select the second channel on channel two when using BioExplorer with BrainMaster?
  • General troubleshooting help if something that used to work no longer works
  • Games in BrainMaster – how to use?
  • Flash Player and Flash Games for BrainMaster – how to use?
  • Event Wizard Troubleshooting
  • EEG MAP Answer Key
  • EEG Audio Basic Troubleshooting
  • DVD or MMP Player do not run at all
  • COM PORT problems
  • Can’t Open Video Device error when trying to run Multi-Media Player
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Helpful Hints
  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Helpful Hints
  • BrainMaster Optional Support Files for 2.5SE / 3.0 Software bmrsupportfiles.exe
  • BioExplorer with a BrainMaster unit?
  • Battery Problems
  • ANI Z-Score DLL for BrainMaster Software Activating for the BrainMaster 3.0 or Discovery Software

FAQ

  • Will NeuroGuide work with BrainMaster?
  • Will Inner Tube and Particle Editor work with BrainMaster 3.0 software?
  • Will EEG’er work with BrainMaster?
  • Will DCN128 work with BrainMaster?
  • Will BrainMirror work with BrainMaster?
  • Will BioExplorer work with BrainMaster?
  • Why will InnerTube and Particle Editor not connect with my BrainMaster?
  • Why is InnerTube running slow on my second monitor?
  • Why does my BrainMaster pass key for BioExplorer Enhanced not work?
  • Why am I not hearing the reward sounds?
  • Why am I getting a flat line with an occasional blip in the EEG?
  • Where can I find training?
  • What does the error message “Buffer Overflow” mean?
  • What does “Error Opening COM Port mean?
  • Technical Information About the BrainMaster Unit
  • Puzzle for BrainMaster – how to use?
  • Practical Alternatives for Remote Neurotherapy: How Do We Reach the Home, School, and Office? Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D. BrainMaster Technologies, Inc.
  • My signal pauses with each reward sound on Vista. How do I fix this?
  • Minimum system requirements for using BioExplorer with BrainMaster?
  • Link to BrainMaster List Server on yahoogroups
  • Is there a list server for technical support?
  • Instructions for Joining the BrainMaster List Server
  • InnerTube and Particle Editor for BrainMaster – how to register?
  • How do I use my replacement/duplicate passkey?
  • Games in BrainMaster – how to use?
  • Flash Player and Flash Games for BrainMaster – how to use?
  • FAQ Trend Graphs
  • Entropy, Directed Coherence, and related documentation
  • Can I use my own animations, sounds, or videos with the MMP Player?
  • BrainMaster Universe Simplified (BUS) On-Ramp
  • BioExplorer with a BrainMaster unit?
  • Are there online videos for training and troubleshooting?

Clinical Reports and Testimonials

  • Z-Score Case Studies Dr Joseph Guan
  • Z Score Case Study
  • Toward an Operational Model of Decision Making, Emotional Regulation, and Mental Health Impact !omas F. Collura, PhD, QEEG-D, BCN, LPC; Carlos P. Zalaquett, PhD, LMHC; Ronald J. Bonnstetter, PhD; Seria J Chatters, PhD
  • The Role of Mind-Body Medicine in the Mind-Body Problem Jon A. Frederick, Ph.D., Director of Clinical Research, Quietmind Foundation
  • The Evidence-Base for Neurofeedback as a Reimbursable Healthcare Service to Treat Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder By H. Edmund Pigott, Ph.D.,a Lindsay De Biase, Ph.D.,b Eugenia Bodenhamer-Davis, Ph.D.c & Richard E. Davis, M.S.d
  • The Evidence-Base for Neurofeedback as a Reimbursable Healthcare Service to Treat Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder By H. Edmund Pigott, Ph.D.,a Lindsay De Biase, Ph.D.,b Eugenia Bodenhamer-Davis, Ph.D.c & Richard E. Davis, M.S.d
  • The Efficacy of Neurofeedback Training on Healthy College Students
  • Study may show whether neurofeedback helps people with ADHD and other disorders
  • Stanford Symposium – Music, Rhythm, and the Brain
  • Research using BrainMaster
  • Practical Alternatives for Remote Neurotherapy: How Do We Reach the Home, School, and Office? Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D. BrainMaster Technologies, Inc.
  • Neurophysics A 21 21st st Century approach to the Brain and Mind T.F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. 2007
  • Neurofeedback with anxiety and affective disorders D. Corydon Hammond, PhD, ABEN/ECNS
  • Neurofeedback for Elementary Students· with Identified Leaming Problems Peter C. Orlando, PhD Richard 0. Rivera, BS
  • Neurofeedback and standard pharmacological intervention in ADHD: A randomized controlled trial with six-month follow-up
  • Neurocounseling: Bridging Brain and Behavior – By Thomas F. Collura, Ronald J. Bonnstetter & Carlos Zalaquett
  • Neurocounseling: Bridging Brain and Behavior – By Thomas F. Collura, Ronald J. Bonnstetter & Carlos Zalaquett
  • Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
  • Making Coherence Coherent Brain Connectivity Assessment and Training Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. January 12, 2007
  • Kyusho Energy Demonstration with surface Z-Scores and sLORETA EEG Imaging
  • IVA+Plus Q Scores over Multiple Sessions for g ske
  • Feiner Artikel Neurofeedback: Einführung und Grundlagen
  • Fehmi / Collura paper on Monopolar and Bipolar Training – Journal of Neurotherapy 2007
  • Data Usage Consent Form PDF
  • Data Usage Consent Form
  • Connectivity training using Sustained Reward Criterion and Refractory Period
  • Comment on Sustained Reward Criterion and Refractory Period
  • Combining EEG with Heart Rate Training for Brain / Body Optimization Thomas Collura PhD
  • Case Study Template Files
  • Case study from Drs. Stark and Lambos
  • Case Study from Dr. Tom Boone – August 8. 2010
  • BrainMaster Knowledge Base Article Using the Swingle Clinical Q Assessment and Spreadsheet by Gary Ames July 31, 2011
  • BrainMaster Case Study qEEG Assessment Clinician Identifier, Credentials, and Date of SubmissionJ. Tarrant, Ph.D., BCIA­EEG 3/18/09
  • BrainMaster Case Study Clinician Identifier, Credentials, and Date of Submission J. Tarrant, Ph.D., BCIAEEG 3/28/09 Case Identifier TB
  • Brain, Mind, and Neurofeedback: The Next 100 Years
  • Amplitude or Power Training – Case Study
  • ADVANCES I N M I N D – B O D Y M E D I C I N E A PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL • FALL 2014 • VOL. 28, NO. 4
  • A FATHER FINDS A SOLUTION: Z-Score RE TRAINING Mark Smith, LCSW
  • A case of voluntary pain control revealed using EEG and sLORETA Imaging
  • 4-CHANNEL Z-SCORE NEUROFEEDBACK: A SINGLE CASE STUDY

Workshops and Videos

  • Z-Score Validation Talk – Collura, SAN 2011, Thessalonika, Greece
  • Z-Score Case Studies Dr Joseph Guan
  • Workshop demonstration of 4-channel live z-score training
  • Validation of a Global Live Z-Score Protocol
  • Thalamocortical projections
  • Targeting Strategies for EEG Biofeedback Using Normative Databases Thomas Collura Ph.D
  • Synchrony Training with the BrainMaster Workshop
  • Remote Training with BrainMaster Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D. BrainMaster Technologies, Inc
  • Power Point and Handouts for QEEG Workshop
  • Phase Change Training with BrainMaster 2.5SE 3-14-2006 T. F. Collura
  • New Directions in Live Z-Score Neurofeedback
  • Neurophysics A 21 21st st Century approach to the Brain and Mind T.F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. 2007
  • Neurofeedback for Insomnia A New Look at an Old Workhorse: A Pilot Study of Z-Score Sensorimotor & Individualized Neurofeedback
  • Neurofeedback for Insomnia A New Look at an Old Workhorse: A Pilot Study of Z-Score Sensorimotor & Individualized Neurofeedback
  • NeurofeedbackTheory and Clinical Practice Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D. QEEGT
  • Mystery Brain Maps
  • Mark Smith’s Z Score Basic Training Workshop–Protocol Designs
  • Link to BrainMaster List Server on yahoogroups
  • ISNR and Training Workshop Power Points and Handouts
  • ISNR 2010 Power Points NEW MSBMB Talk Added
  • Functional Analysis of MINIQ II positions, and Use with Live Zscores A Window to 4channel EEG Assessment and Training Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D.
  • Frederic Chiu – Beechwood Arts Vibrations Links
  • Foundations of Neuronal Dynamicsand Z Scores Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D
  • Fehmi / Collura paper on Monopolar and Bipolar Training – Journal of Neurotherapy 2007
  • Example of MINI-Q analysis using NeuroGuide
  • Doerte Klein Teleneurofeedback Talk (new working link) – Society for Applied Neuroscience Seville May 7 2008
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  • Announcement for Mexican Bio/Neurofeedback Society.
  • AMHCA San Francisco Talk – Neurofeedback in Mental Health

Published Research

  • What is BEAM?
  • Use of HEG with BrainMaster 2.5SE and 3.0
  • Use of BioComp HEG with BrainMaster 2.5SE
  • Transient Response of Amplifiers & Infra-Low Frequencies
  • Towards a Coherent View of Brain Connectivity Thomas F. Collura, PhD, PE
  • Toward an Operational Model of Decision Making, Emotional Regulation, and Mental Health Impact !omas F. Collura, PhD, QEEG-D, BCN, LPC; Carlos P. Zalaquett, PhD, LMHC; Ronald J. Bonnstetter, PhD; Seria J Chatters, PhD
  • The slow and infraslow oscillations of cortical neural network
  • The Role of Mind-Body Medicine in the Mind-Body Problem Jon A. Frederick, Ph.D., Director of Clinical Research, Quietmind Foundation
  • The Evidence-Base for Neurofeedback as a Reimbursable Healthcare Service to Treat Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder By H. Edmund Pigott, Ph.D.,a Lindsay De Biase, Ph.D.,b Eugenia Bodenhamer-Davis, Ph.D.c & Richard E. Davis, M.S.d
  • The Evidence-Base for Neurofeedback as a Reimbursable Healthcare Service to Treat Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder By H. Edmund Pigott, Ph.D.,a Lindsay De Biase, Ph.D.,b Eugenia Bodenhamer-Davis, Ph.D.c & Richard E. Davis, M.S.d
  • The Efficacy of Neurofeedback Training on Healthy College Students
  • The Effects of QEEG-Informed Neurofeedback in ADHD: An Open-Label Pilot Study Martijn Arns • Wilhelmus Drinkenburg • J. Leon Kenemans
  • The Effect of Neurofeedback on Performance Anxiety in Dancers
  • The brain sees words, even nonsense ones, as pictures
  • Technical Foundations of Neurofeedback
  • Subdural Potentials at Orbitofrontal and Mesial Prefrontal Areas Accompanying Anticipation and Decision making in humans: a comparison with Bereitschaftspotential PDF
  • Stress and the Brain
  • Stanford Symposium – Music, Rhythm, and the Brain
  • sLORETA Imaging of Depression Indicators in Real Time
  • Seeing inside the client’s mind
  • Rorschach – Reliability and Validity
  • Research using BrainMaster
  • Research – Placebo controlled double-blind studies with EEG Biofeedback – Methods
  • Research – Choice of 4-channel montage for quick assessment
  • References for Live Z-Score Training
  • Quantum Time Crystals Frank Wilczek Center for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
  • QEEG-Guided Neurofeedback for Children with Histories of Abuse and Neglect: Neurodevelopmental Rationale and Pilot Study Lark Huang-Storms, MS Eugenia Bodenhamer-Davis, PhD Richard Davis, MS Janice Dunn, MA
  • Published Work – Links to Collura et. al. Z-Score book chapters and articles
  • Psychophysics of EEG alpha state discrimination
  • Photic Stimulation Articles
  • Optimizing dimensions for EEG alpha state discrimination Seth Viebrock, B.A., and Jon Frederick, Ph.D.
  • Neurotherapy of Fibromyalgia? David V. Nelson, PhD,*† Robert M. Bennett, MD,† Andre Barkhuizen, MD,†‡ Gary J. Sexton, PhD,a† Kim D. Jones, PhD,† Mary Lee Esty, PhD,§ Len Ochs, PhD,¶ and C. C. Stuart Donaldson, PhD**
  • Neurophysics A 21 21st st Century approach to the Brain and Mind T.F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. 2007
  • Neurofeedback with anxiety and affective disorders D. Corydon Hammond, PhD, ABEN/ECNS
  • Neurofeedback for Elementary Students· with Identified Leaming Problems Peter C. Orlando, PhD Richard 0. Rivera, BS
  • Neurofeedback and standard pharmacological intervention in ADHD: A randomized controlled trial with six-month follow-up
  • Neurofeedback and standard pharmacological intervention in ADHD: A randomized controlled trial with six-month follow-up
  • Neurocounseling: Bridging Brain and Behavior – By Thomas F. Collura, Ronald J. Bonnstetter & Carlos Zalaquett
  • Neurocounseling: Bridging Brain and Behavior – By Thomas F. Collura, Ronald J. Bonnstetter & Carlos Zalaquett
  • Myers and Young article – Journal of Counseling and Development
  • Music and the Brain
  • Movement-Related Potentials Research
  • Movement-related potentials associated with bilateral simultaneous and unilateral movemnts recorded from human supplementary motor area
  • Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
  • Making Coherence Coherent Brain Connectivity Assessment and Training Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. January 12, 2007
  • Links to Functional Brain References
  • Jon Frederick article & abstracts on mind/body medicine and introspective EEG alpha state discrimination
  • Infra-Slow Fluctuations (ISF) correlations with EEG frequency bands using sLORETA
  • IEEE Recommended Practice for Neurofeedback Systems
  • Fehmi / Collura paper on Monopolar and Bipolar Training – Journal of Neurotherapy 2007
  • Emotional Decision-Making and the Brain
  • Electroencephalogram biofeedback for reading disability and traumatic brain injury Kirtley E. Thornton, PhD, Dennis P. Carmody, PhD
  • Detection of Synchronous EEG Events using ChannelSum/Difference Mode and JTFA T. F. Collura May 16, 2005
  • DC and Slow Cortical Potential Research Links
  • Crystals in time
  • Critical validation studies of neurofeedback John Gruzelier, PhDa,*, Tobias Egner, PhDb aDivision of Neuroscience and Psychological Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Dunstan’s Road, London W6 8RF, United Kingdom bFunctional MRI Research Center, Columbia University, Neurological Institute, Box 108, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
  • Control over Stress, But Not Stress Per Se Increases Prefrontal Cortical Pyramidal Neuron Excitability
  • Connectivity training using Sustained Reward Criterion and Refractory Period
  • Combining EEG with Heart Rate Training for Brain / Body Optimization Thomas Collura PhD
  • Classical Time Crystals Alfred Shapere1 and Frank Wilczek2
  • BrainMaster Case Study qEEG Assessment Clinician Identifier, Credentials, and Date of SubmissionJ. Tarrant, Ph.D., BCIA­EEG 3/18/09
  • BrainMaster Case Study Clinician Identifier, Credentials, and Date of Submission J. Tarrant, Ph.D., BCIAEEG 3/28/09 Case Identifier TB
  • Brain, Mind, and Neurofeedback: The next 100 years Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E.
  • Brain, Mind, and Neurofeedback: The Next 100 Years
  • Brain – A look at the brain
  • Basic Electronics and Physics Chapter
  • Articles on brain activity, fear, love
  • Application of Repetitive Visual Stimulation to EEG by Thomas Collura PhD
  • ADVANCES I N M I N D – B O D Y M E D I C I N E A PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL • FALL 2014 • VOL. 28, NO. 4
  • A Modular Activation/Coherence Approach to Evaluating Clinical/QEEG Correlations and for Guiding Neurofeedback Training: Modular Insufficiencies, Modular Excesses, Disconnections, and Hyperconnections Jonathan E. Walker, MD Gerald P. Kozlowski, PhD Robert Lawson, MS
  • A default mode of brain function: A brief history of an evolving idea Marcus E. Raichlea,b,c,⁎ and Abraham Z. Snydera,b
  • 10-10 system chart

Protocol Designs

  • Z-Score PercentZOKUL with 4-channel alpha enhance – Mark Smith
  • Z Theta Down Protocol Design
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  • Z Scores PercentZOK with alpha uptraining
  • Z score training combined with amplitude training – how it works
  • Z score questions regarding different bands in the DLL versus BrainMaster, and coherence training
  • Z Score protocol five coherences normal UL
  • Z Score PercentZOKUL with Four Channel Inhibit__Mark Smith
  • Z Score All to Target Except Absolute Power – Separate Upper and Lower limits
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  • Research – Placebo controlled double-blind studies with EEG Biofeedback – Methods
  • Research – Choice of 4-channel montage for quick assessment
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  • EEG with HRV paper
  • E-NeuroMarketing Application with BrainAvatar
  • Downtraining variability of variability
  • Downtrain SMR and Beta Design
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  • Coherence Downtraining
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  • BrainMastertm System Type 2E Module & BMT Software for Windowstm Setup & Control Program “BSetup.exe” For EEG Biofeedback (Neurofeedback) Protocols
  • Bipolar Bipolar Training
  • BioPlay Space Invaders Design
  • Basic 2-channel EEG Training Protocols Approaches, Methods, and Functional Block Diagrams T. F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. ©2004-2007
  • Basic 2-channel EEG Training Protocols Approaches, Methods, and Functional Block Diagrams T. F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E. © 2004

BrainAvatar EEG Software

  • ZBuilder Quality of Fit
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  • Z-PLUS LZT Live Z-Score Training Software Revised with Z-Bars and Z-Maps Display

Z-PLUS LZT Live Z-Score Training Software Revised with Z-Bars and Z-Maps Display

Multivariate Proportional Neurofeedback, Percent Z-OK, and the future of Live Z-Score Training
This report was revised 11-6-2010, and a power-point presentation has been added as an attachment.
Over the past 5 years, BrainMaster has led the industry in developing and innovating software to use normative or reference databases to provide Live Z-Score Training (LZT) methods for neurofeedback.  Documented by a series of publications and clinical reports, BrainMaster’s systems have produced positive results for hundreds of clinicians. Based upon this experience, we are introducing the next generation of LZT training in the form of the “Z-Plus” software package. This package is optional, and extends the existing LZT training software with new, innovative metrics and displays. These further empower the clinician and the client to identify and train relevant EEG parameters and their changes. Z-Plus is available for Atlantis or Discovery, and is built into the BrainMaster series of software.
NOTE: See the end of this article for info. on how to use the .bmzd file attached.
The Discovery 1.5.2 release with ZPlus enabled is available at:  http://www.brainm.com/software/discovery
The Atlantis 3.7i release with ZPlue enabled is available at http://www.brainm.com/software/3.0
BrainMaster is unique in providing live LZT methods that provide Multivariate Proportional (MVP) variables for use in training. MVP variables are continuous, proportional values that are used in training in the same ways that conventional values such as absolute power, relative power, or raw coherence values, have been used in the past. The key to this innovation is that the new MVP variables provide complex yet intuitively simple measurements that are field-proven in producing client results that are rapid, concise, and lasting. With the introduction of the “Z-Plus” series of software, BrainMaster defines the next generation of LZT technology for training of 1, 2, or up to 19 channels.
Other approaches to using live z-scores typically produce only an “on/off” response, depending on whether one or more z-scores are within a range. Thus, the brain is provided with information that tells it whether or not it meets a condition, but does not provide any proportional or “how much” information to the trainee. This limits the brain’s ability to learn and respond to the important EEG parameters. Also, such methods do not lend themselves to tuning the training, beyond setting the target sizes. BrainMaster’s MVP methods produce new quantitative variables that are not simply “yes/no”, but provide real-time, proportional feedback that can be used for sounds, videos, games, or other feedback methods that respond to either “on/off,” “how much,” or a combination of such control variables. This provides a level of guidance that reduces the number and length of sessions necessary to see results. Currently, with PZOK, it is common to see visible EEG changes in 1 or 2 sessions, and to see results significantly faster and more specific than seen with conventional amplitude-based training.  Some publications are available online at:  http://www.brainmaster.com/kb/entry/362/
Starting with the “Percent Z OK” training method, BrainMaster has developed a family of training variables that intuitively incorporate any or all of the z-scores, and turn them into a single proportional variable. With these variables, any combination of channels, parameters (absolute power, relative power, power ratios, coherence, phase, asymmetry), or frequency components (e.g. delta, theta, etc) can be trained. Regardless of the number of channels or parameters chosen, this variable always has the same meaning. It is the “percent of z-scores that are within the target limits.” It has a maximum value of 100 (100% normal), that continuously varies in time, and is useful both for training and for assessing the overall condition of the client. This method has been proven in over 3 years of field experience, and has been published in a variety of peer-reviewed journals, books, and industry publications.
Another key element of BrainMaster’s approach is the ability to dynamically change the difficulty of the training on multiple levels, in real-time without interrupting training. This is analogous to being able to adjust the throttle, choke, etc. of a vehicle while it is in motion, which is an essential element of clinical application. With the PZOK method, clinicians commonly adjust the size of the training window, and also the percentage of z-scores which are required to be met, in order to obtain an reward. This was a non-obvious, yet critical step in the evolution of BrainMaster’s exclusive LZT technology.
PZOK provides a uniquely flexible and powerful approach to adjusting training conditions, particularly in real-time. By alternating changes in either the target sizes or the percentage of z-score required, the clinician can adjust the difficulty level of the training, as well the distribution of the z-scores which are being trained. For example, requiring a large percentage of the z-scores to fit within a wide range emphasizes the “outliers,” while ignoring smaller z-scores. On the other hand, requiring a small percentage of the z-scores to fit within a narrow target can provide a “challenge” form of training that emphasizes mid-range values, while ignoring outliers. This latter method can, for example, leave the brain free to exhibit abnormalities that are compensating or coping mechanisms that persist, and allow the brain to formulate its own self-regulation strategy. The ability to ignore outliers is, at times an important benefit. At other times, it is desirable to focus on outliers. The new metrics in the “Z-Plus” package address the outliers in new ways, that increase the power and flexibility of PZOK training.
PZOK has been shown to have significant clinical value, and it can also be combined with other methods. A number of our protocols combine LZT training with “biased” training such as alpha up, theta down, or other types of protocols.  The combined protocols provide the same simple feedback to the client, but also guide their brain in a particular direction desired by the clinician. All new “Z-Plus” based designs can also be combined with traditional training, as the clinical sees fit.
Building on the history and experience with the PZOK family of protocols, BrainMaster has re-examined the function and purpose of the LZT approach, and now introduces the “Z-Plus” extensions, designed to extend and reinforce the PZOK approach. Rather than changing or replacing the PZOK methods, the new software and displays provide additional information, flexibility, and direction for LZT training.
We first review PZOK in detail, and then introduce the new metrics, PZMO and PZME.
PZOK:  “percentage of all trained z-scores that fall within a given target range”
PZOK provides an overall assessment of “how normal” by counting how many of the z-scores fit within the desired target range.   The exact position of the z-scores is not important, only whether or not they are within the target limits. PZOK is useful as a real-time training variable. The clinician sets the size of the targets, and also the percent of z-scores required to achieve reward, and the client learns when the PZOK value exceeds the percentage target. It was found important to allow the percentage target to go below 100%, in order to avoid simply training on “outliers” all the time.
PZOK has the following behavior:
Minimum value: 0  (“no z-scores are within range”)
Maximum value: 100 (“all z-scores are within range”)
Intermediate values: 0 to 100: (“what percentage of z-scores are within range”)
Limiting behavior:
PZOK with very small target limits: not useful: PZOK becomes very small, even zero (no z-scores within range)
PZOK with very large target limits: not useful: PZOK will always be 100 with very wide limits (all z-scores within range)
Strengths of PZOK:
With any percentage less than 100%, PZOK allows you to ignore outliers (allows for coping or compensating mechanisms)
Adjustable target sizes to set difficulty of targets
Adjustable percent of targets setting sets total reward rate
Alternates between “challenge” and “easy” conditions for dynamic control of feedback, training of flexibility.
Weaknesses of PZOK:
When targets are small, outliers are ignored, might deviate further
When targets are wide, inner values are ignored, even if they move toward abnormal.
Only counts whether values are in range, does not analyze their size
Treats all z-scores the same, no weighting at this time
Requires attention to target limits, which should generally be adjusted.
Z-Plus – The next generation of LZT training software
When introduced, PZOK was met with some disbelief, even disregard, by some in the industry, while it was adopted and studied by others. Many of the initial objections were categorical, i.e. they addressed concepts or issues, not realities. Some objections reflected a lack of grasp, rather than a critical understanding of the methods.  Due to the fact that the approach seemed nonobvious, and the skeptical reception we received, we proceeded to file a patent (pending) on the underlying concepts of PZOK and its application.  We offered to share this method with other vendors for a nominal fee and proper recognition, but no one took us up on this offer.  Five years of clinical application and publication have resolved the categorical objections, while showing that we do need to address issues such as how to treat outliers, and how to give different types of z-scores different weights. Nonetheless, over time, it has become clear that PZOK is uniquely capable of delivering meaningful and useful feedback in a wide range of client situations.  Most of the initial objections to PZOK have been found insignificant, as the refinement and use of the technique has evolved into a sound clinical approach. The existing PZOK technology is entirely consistent with principles of operant conditioning, learning, and physiological adaptation.  All that is special is that the information fed back (the “operant”) is a complex yet useful reflection of brain state.  As the industry continues to look to BrainMaster for leadership, we introduce a new series of functions that extend the intuition and usefulness of PZOK into new dimensions, the dimensions of “Z-Plus.”
Based on our experience and analysis, we now introduce two new families of metrics, plus additional displays, combined into the “Z-Plus” software option.   “Z-Plus” is entirely consistent with, and extends, the existing LZT software, designs, and methods that have been proven over the last 5 years. Like PZOK, the new functions are also accessible as “UL” versions, that use different upper and lower limits. The new functions are incorporated using the Event Wizard, and no new control panels or settings are required. This provides complete flexibility in how they are used, and does not require the clinician to stop using PZOK, or to choose between methods. All metrics are always available, and protocols can be designed as desired combining old with new, as desired.
As will be seen below, one interesting aspect of the new metrics is that, while they are useful with various target sizes, they are particularly useful with very small, even zero, target sizes. When target size is zero, the new metrics incorporate all z-scores into the calculation, providing true indicators of total system state and state change, and no z-scores will be ignored. This provides the ability to account for both outliers and intermediate z-scores, without ignoring any z-scores.
PZMO – “PZ Motive” – “percentage of z-score movement”
PZMO provides an overall assessment of the instantaneous movement (change) of all z-scores that are outslde the specified range.  Z-scores that are within the target range are ignored. PZMO uses concepts from physics to introduce the idea of “momentum” of the z-scores, which reflects their ” velocity,” direction,” and also a weighting factor suggesting their “mass.” It is not necessary to weigh all z-scores the same. With PZMO, it is possible to weigh different z-scores differently, providing an additional dimension of flexibility and control. PZMO is a z-score “motivator” and reflects the net z-score motion.  PZMO takes into account not just the direction (towards or away from normal) but also the amount of movement (a little or a lot), and the weight of each z-score (“lightweight” versus “heavy”).  PZMO can be positive or negative, and reflects the total change in “momentum” of all z-scores. When it is positive, then the net movement of all z-scores outside the target range is inward, toward normal. When it is negative, then the net movement of the outlying z-scores is outward, away from normal. Thus, PZMO provides an instantaneous indicator of the CHANGE in the z-scores, indicating the brain’s immediate tendency toward normalization, or toward disregulation. Technically, PZMO is the instantaneous change in the total “momentum” of the system, as defined in physics.
PZMO is intended to be used in addition to PZOK. Existing protocols do not have to be changed, only extended (with a single Event Wizard event) to incorporate the PZMO data. Typically, when PZMO is above some positive threshold, the client will receive a bell, tone, or other reward. This provides an additional, highly dynamic reward ( think of it as a “gold star”) when the client moves in the right direction.
PZMO incorporates useful and intuitive concepts from astronomy, celestial mechanics, in particular.  The client is learning about their “gravitational potential” which is the tendency toward normalization.  The training limit region is like a star, and the outlying z-scores are like planets.  Ideally, z-scores tend to move inward, to be captured by the sun.  If all planets are in the sun, then all z-scores are within range, and the client’s EEG is deemed normal.  If a client can increase their “potential,” then z-scores will normalize more directly and consistently.  The training limits define a “capture area” similar to the event horizon of a black hole.  Once z-scores go inside the boundaries, they disappear (are ignored).  Only the z-scores moving outside the boundaries (the orbiting z-scores, if you will) are incorporated into PZMO.   Thus, PZMO captures the tendency for z-scores (“planets”) to move toward, not away from, their “sun.”  This puts the training into a highly visual and dynamic context.  This informs the clinician as well as the client, as to what is happening and to what extent, in the complex dynamic “z-solar system” of the brain.
PZMO does not provide an overall assessment of “how normal” in the way that PZOK does. If all z-scores are within the target range and none are outside, then there is no net movement to reflect, and PZMO will be zero. At that point, PZOK would be 100. Thus, PZMO gives a rapid, intuitive indication of the direction of change, and has higher resolution and responsiveness than PZOK. As an analogy, it is somewhat like adding a tachometer, or actually an accelerometer, to a car dashboard, so that you can see how rapidly, and in what direction, your velocity is changing. It is also like a dieter monitoring the change in their weight every day, as an indication of how the diet is working.  PZMO introduces the idea that z-scores closer to normal have lower “potential energy,” and that the client’s brain has a natural tendency to normalize.  The normal brain is a “rest state” toward which the brain should naturally move.  Abnormalities require the brain to expend energy, and can be normalized as the brain relaxes, and brain dynamics settle into an optimal state.
PZMO can be thought of as conveying “motion,” “movement,” “momentum,” or related concepts to LZT training. It introduces concepts that derive from physics including gravity, velocity, acceleration, and dynamic behavior. Using PZMO, the practitioner can begin to think of z-scores as objects that have mass, direction, even intention. The intuitive view of PZMO is that if it is 100, then that is the maximum inward movement and thus, all the outlying z-scores have just moved inside the target limits. If PZMO is 0, then there is no net movement, that is, there is just as much inward movement as outward movement. If PZMO is negative, then the z-scores are in general moving outward. For example, if a client clenches their teeth, PZMO will immediately become a very large negative number. When they relax, it will become a very large positive number.  In the long run, if there is net improvement, PZMO will be positive more often than it is negative. The client should get a reward when PZMO is sufficiently positive, for example, say above 10, which would mean that the net motion of the outliers is to move 10 percent of the distance towards normal. PZMO will not generally be positive all the time, as the z-scores in their typical patterns of movement, simply cannot always be moving towards normal all the time.
PZMO emphasizes variability and dynamic change. It is analogous to a financial derivative that focuses on the change of a system, not simply its current state. As such, it has the potential to “leverage” LZT training by providing highly accurate information relating to dynamic change, and delivering it to the client.   Again, PZMO is not intended to replace PZOK, it is intended to be used as a supplemental training or assessment variable. If the client receives an extra reward every time there is a significant inward movement, then they will learn that skill as well, and tend to reinforce the process of normalization, not just the state of being “more normal.”
As an example of the use of PZMO, you might use the following Event:  If “x=PZMO(1);” IS GREATER THAN 10 THEN (play wav file)
This event would allow the user to hear a “beep” every time they achieved a 10% movement toward normal during the session.  They would hear the reward whenever the z-scores had significant improvement, even if PZOK was not yet above the target percentage.  This thus rewards improvement in the right direction, regardless of the current state.  This motivating feedback is a significant addition to watching the PZOK variable rise and fall;  it allows the client to know when they are moving in the right direction.
PZMO has the following behavior:
Minimum value: negative value, unlimited  (“z-scores are moving outward”)
Maximum value: 100 (“all z-scores have just moved within the target range”)
Intermediate values: typically -100 to +100: (“what is the overall motion toward or away from normal”)
Limiting behavior:
PZMO with very small or 0 target limits: useful, it simply incorporates all z-scores into the metric.
PZMO with very large target limits: not useful: PZMO would also be 0, as all z-scores would be ignored.
PZMOU: provides PZMO for all “upper” z-scores, i.e. those above upper target limit
PZMOL:  provides PZMOfor all “lower” z-scores, i.e. those below lower target limit
Strengths of PZMO:
Capable of reflecting all z-scores (with target size of zero)
Reflects dynamic change in the training process
Consistent with existing PZOK approaches
Provision for giving different weights to different types of z-scores
Weaknesses of PZMO:
PZMO can become large in the presence of artifact, producing feedback when it is not desired.  This is because, as the z-scores normalize when the artifact reduces, PZMO “sees” a lot of improvement!  But it is improvement from an abnormally noisy situation, hence is not really to be rewarded.  To manage this, designs should include both PZOK and PZMO in the reward mechanism.  When artifact is present, PZOK will fall rapidly, thus inhibiting feedback.
PZME – “PZ Mean ” or “PZ Measure”
PZME provides a measure of the mean size of all z-scores that are outside the target range. For every z-score considered, its distance from zero (normal) is computed, and these are combined into population mean (average). This provides a simple assessment of how abnormal all z-scores are as a group. Different types of z-scores can be given different weight, if desired. PZME is intended to be used primarily as an indicator of overall improvement, but can also be used for training. Training PZME (downward) would conform the naïve principle of simply “training everything toward normal,” and is conceptually a step backwards, yet is still an important new capability.
The interpretation of PZME is simple. If it has a value of 1.7, for example, then the average size of all the z-scores is simply 1.7. Direction is taken into account, so that z-scores above the range are treated the same as z-scores below the target range. There is also a separate function to get the average z-scores in the positive direction, and in the negative direction. Technically, PZME is the “mean error” as defined by statistics.  In the solar system analogy, PZME is the average distance of all the planets, hence reflects the overall “size” of the client’s z-score solar system.  Generally, a smaller solar system is preferable to a larger one.
PZME is intended to be used as an indicator, to see progress within and across sessions. It provides a single number that has a very clear and simple interpretation. It may, for example, be useful in assessing the overall progress, and whether to terminate training.   For example, when clients tire, z-scores sometimes are seen to lose their tendency to be improving. If PZME shows an increase for more than 3 or 5 minutes, for example, then the client is moving in the wrong direction, and training should be re-evaluated.
PZME also has the potential to be used to create target limits for LZT training. By providing an instantaneous measure of the average length of all z-scores across the board, PZME provides a basis for adjusting target limits for training. While the use of autothresholding is controversial and may or may not be desired in a particular case, PZME provides an objective, sound approach to creating an target thresholds that is based on the instantaneous state of the desired z-scores.
For example, the following Event Wizard expression:
x=PZOKUL(PZMEU(0), PZMEL(0));
Would automatically train PZOK using the average of all positive z-scores as the upper target limit, and the average of all negative z-scores as the lower target limit.
Ironically, PZME is what some thought we were doing with PZOK, when they believed that we were simply “training them all together.”  The simplest approach to combining live z-scores would be to add them together (using absolute value) to get a single number. With PZME, we have decided to provide just that, a simple, total assessment of how all the z-scores add up. We leave it to clinical and research progress to determine the utility of PZME for training, control, or for assessment. Intuitively and from our experience, if trained z-scores are seen to visibly move toward normal, then the PZME variable would also have to go down in a uniform fashion. PZME simply now provides a number that can be used to estimate the total instantaneous condition of all z-scores, treated as a whole.
PZME has the following behavior:
Minimum value: 0 (“all z-scores are exactly normal”)
Maximum value: unlimited, but typically will not reach as high as 3.0 (“if z-scores are very abnormal”)
Intermediate values: typically 0 to 2.0 : (“the average size of all z-scores”)
Limiting behavior:
PZME with very small or 0 target limits: useful, it simply incorporates all z-scores into the metric.
PZME with very large target limits: not useful: PZME would also be 0, as all z-scores would be ignored.
PZMEU: provides PZME for all “upper” z-scores, i.e. those above upper target limit
PZMEL:  provides PZME for all “lower” z-scores, i.e. those below lower target limit
Strengths of PZME:
Extremely simple and intuitive
Capable of reflecting all z-scores (with target size of zero)
Reflects total state of the brain
Consistent with existing PZOK approaches
Provision for giving different weights to different types of z-scores
Can be used to develop targets, i.e. autothresholding for LZT
Weaknesses of PZME:
None yet known
“MVP,” “Z-Plus”, “PZOK,” “PZMO,” and “PZME” are trademarks of BrainMaster Technologies, Inc.
US, Canadian, and foreign patents pending
copyright 2010 BrainMaster Technologies and Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D.
OPENING THE BMZD FILE:

There is also an attached Session Librarian file.

If you have not set up Session Librarian for Discovery, do the following:

save the bmzd file.
right click on it
select open with
select c:\brainm.20\futilsd
select “always open this type of file with this program”
click OK.
Then the Discovery Session Librarian will take over.
You only need to do this setup once, then your PC will know how to open bmzd files
The following shows live data from actual training, showing PZMO and PZME reflecting the training effects:
The following shows the effect of changing the target size.  The training parameters change in the expected way as the targets are widened.
Z-Bars
A new display called Z-Bars shows all z-scores as bars with dynamic lines that show short-term changes:
As many z-scores as are being trained can be seen.  This panel shows 192 coherence z-scores from 19 channels.
An example of simultaneous text and Z-Bars is shown below:
Z-Maps
We have now introduced Z-Maps.  These are live maps of the Z-Scores that can be used for training or for following training progress.
We provide two types of maps.  “Instantaneous” maps show the moment-to-moment changes, and can change rapidly.  We also offer “damped” maps, which show the damped z-score, which is what is also used in the text display.  This provides a more stable map for viewing and biofeedback.  Both types of maps are useful, depending on the priority.  It is possible to display either or both types of maps at the same time.  Damped z-scores are what are shown in the text, and in the colored Z-Bars.  Instantaneous z-scores are what are shown by the dynamic lines & dots on the z-bars display.
An example of the Z-Maps is shown below:
The following screen shows simultaneous Z-Bars and Z-Maps:

PZMO is an outgrowth of the PZOK approach, and is an aggregate statistic reflecting change in the outlying Z-Scores. PZOK tells how many z-scores are within the target range, as a percentage. We usually use a percentage of between 50% and 80%, which means that a substantial portion of the z-scores are outliers. As a dynamical systems approach, this gives the brain flexibility to “choose” which z-scores to normalize, and which to leave as outliers. PZMO is the aggregate momentum of these outliers. It is a measure of their net motion, and is a dynamic systems concept. Think of the z-scores as having a life of their own, having mass and velocity. PZMO measures the group momentum, and tells you what percentage of the net motion is toward the target range. PZMO is generally below zero, as nothing is moving particularly toward the targets in general. However, when PZMO goes positive, it tells you the net positive movement. A value of 5% for PZMO is significant. It means that in the last instant, there was 5% net motion toward the targets. That is a very big deal. This is therefore a “derivative” measure that tells your client that at that moment, the outliers moved inward. We typically see only a few PZMO reward beeps every few seconds, so it is an added reward. It is like giving the brain a “gold star” when it has particularly good improvement that moment in time. In my view, it has a similar effect on the brain as the derivatives market had on Wall Street. Small changes can have huge effects, and major learning processes become possible.

PZME is a measure of the mean distance of the outliers from the zero point. It is a measure of the global size of the scattering of outliers in the collection of Z-Scores. As it moves lower, the outliers are moving closer to the targets. We mostly use this as a long-term statistic throughout the session, watching for a small change, say from 2.5 to 2.2, over the session.

In brief, PZOK only knows the percentage inside the target range, it does not know about the outliers, except that they must be out there someplace. PZMO tells you the net motion of the outliers at any instant. PZME tells you how far out they are in general. While PZMO is a very fast, derivative measure, PZME is a very slow, aggregate measure. It all feeds into a view of the brain and the z-scores as comprising a dynamic system that can determine its own rules for self-regulation if you give it the right information.

Thus, this approach, which we call “Z-Plus”, gives you more than one type of information. There are various ways to use PZMO, but usually people give a reward when it jumps something above zero, indicating net motion toward the targets.

PZOK_with_PZMO_and_PZME.bmzd

New_Directions_in_Live_Z-Score_Neurofeedback_11-9-2010.ppt

PZOK_with_PZMO_and_PZME_1_.bmzd

ZScore_ZPlus_PZMO_PZME.bmz

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Updated on October 8, 2020
Workshop demonstration of 4-channel live z-score trainingZ-Score Training basic instructions

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